6 Main Ways of Paraphrasing

 

🔹 Main Ways of Paraphrasing

1. Using Synonyms (Lexical Paraphrasing)

Replace words or phrases with their synonyms without changing the meaning.

  • Original: Global warming is caused by excessive carbon emissions.

  • Paraphrase: Global warming results from an overabundance of carbon emissions.

Good: Maintains meaning and changes wording appropriately.
Bad: Global warming is caused by too much carbon — (too informal and less academic).


2. Changing the Sentence Structure (Syntactic Paraphrasing)

Alter the grammatical form of the sentence while keeping its meaning.

  • Original: Scientists have discovered that pollution affects marine life.

  • Paraphrase: It has been found by scientists that marine life is affected by pollution.

Good: Same meaning, passive voice used correctly.
Bad: Pollution is discovered by scientists to affect marine life — (awkward and unclear).

7 ways to paraphrase sentences and paragraphs effectively

7 ways to paraphrase sentences and paragraphs effectively

There are several ways to paraphrase sentences and paragraphs effectively. Common methods include:
  1. Using synonyms to replace words while maintaining meaning.
  2. Changing sentence structure or word order.
  3. Switching between active and passive voice.
  4. Breaking long sentences into shorter ones or combining short sentences.
  5. Replacing idiomatic expressions or phrasal verbs with simpler or alternative phrases.
  6. Changing parts of speech (e.g., converting a noun into a verb).
  7. Using a different tone or level of formality.

Examples of Good Paraphrasing:
Original: "Technology is changing the way we communicate."

Good Paraphrase: "The way people communicate is being transformed by technology."
Explanation: Sentence structure is flipped, passive voice is used, but the meaning is preserved.

Original: "
Regular exercise helps improve mental health."

Good Paraphrase: "Staying active
can boost your mood and support mental well-being."
Explanation: Synonyms replace keywords, and the sentence is made more conversational without changing the meaning.
Examples of Bad Paraphrasing:

Simply changing a few words but keeping the original sentence structure too close, for example:
Original: "Global warming is caused by excessive carbon emissions."
Bad Paraphrase: "Global warming happens because of too much carbon emissions."

Pro dan Kontra Industri dan Wisata Halal di Indonesia

 Fenomena pengembangan wisata dan industri halal di Indonesia memunculkan berbagai wacana pro dan kontra yang menarik untuk dianalisis secara kritis. Melalui pendekatan Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) sebagaimana dikembangkan oleh Fairclough (1995), peneliti dapat menelaah bagaimana ideologi, kepentingan ekonomi, dan nilai keagamaan dikonstruksi dalam teks dan praktik sosial. Misalnya, penelitian mengenai Analisis Wacana Kritis atas Narasi Pro dan Kontra Wisata Halal di Media Lokal Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa media lokal sering menekankan manfaat ekonomi wisata halal, sementara pihak yang kontra memandangnya sebagai bentuk komodifikasi agama dan ancaman terhadap budaya lokal (Fairclough, 1995; van Dijk, 1998). Sejalan dengan itu, studi Komodifikasi Islam dalam Industri Wisata Halal mengungkap bahwa penggunaan label “halal” kerap menjadi strategi pemasaran simbolik tanpa implementasi nilai syariah yang mendalam, sehingga muncul kritik atas hilangnya esensi religius dalam praktik industri (Kitiarsa, 2008).

Dalam konteks kebijakan, wacana yang dihasilkan pemerintah juga tidak lepas dari dilema antara pelayanan umat dan kepentingan ekonomi global. Analisis terhadap Narasi Pemerintah dan Kebijakan dalam Industri Halal menemukan adanya dominasi diskursus ekonomi dan diplomasi pasar, dengan kurangnya penekanan pada etika Islam (Hassan & Lewis, 2014). Sebaliknya, studi berbasis budaya seperti Wacana Kritik atas Wisata Halal dalam Perspektif Kebudayaan Lokal menyoroti ketegangan antara pelestarian budaya daerah dan penerapan norma-norma syariah yang datang dari luar komunitas (Picard, 2015).

Selain itu, perbedaan persepsi antara wisatawan Muslim dan non-Muslim terhadap label halal menjadi wacana tersendiri. Analisis terhadap diskursus daring menunjukkan bahwa wisatawan Muslim melihat label halal sebagai jaminan spiritual, sedangkan non-Muslim menganggapnya sekadar strategi layanan tambahan (Battour & Ismail, 2016). Penelitian lain, Bisnis atau Dakwah? Kontroversi Identitas Halal dalam Industri Perhotelan, mengungkap bahwa sebagian besar hotel berlabel halal hanya mengadopsi sebagian nilai syariah tanpa penerapan menyeluruh, sehingga terjadi bentuk hybrid identity (Stephenson, 2014).

Langkah Global The Beny English College dalam Dunia Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris

 

Langkah Global The Beny English College dalam Dunia Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris melalui The 71 st TEFLIN International Conference di Universitas Brawijaya Malang Indonesia

 Malang, 8–10 Oktober 2025 — Lembaga kursus dan pelatihan bahasa Inggris THE BENY ENGLISH COLLEGE yang berpusat di Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur, kembali menunjukkan kiprah akademiknya di kancah nasional dan internasional. Dalam ajang bergengsi The 71st TEFLIN International Conference (Asosiasi Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris sebagai Bahasa Asing di Indonesia) yang digelar di Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Direktur THE BENY ENGLISH COLLEGE, Beny Hamdani, menjadi salah satu presenter dengan makalah berjudul “A Narrative Inquiry into EFL Lecturer Experiences on Professional Development in Teaching Writing for Scholarly Publication in Indonesia.”

 Konferensi yang berlangsung selama tiga hari, Rabu hingga Kamis, 8–10 Oktober 2025, ini diselenggarakan bersamaan dengan The 5th International Conference on Advances in Humanities, Education, and Language (ICEL), The 5th International Conference on Language, Literature, Education, and Culture (ICOLLEC), serta The 2nd International Seminar on Applied Linguistics (ISIALING). Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh hampir 500 peserta yang terdiri atas guru, dosen, peneliti, dan mahasiswa dari berbagai lembaga pendidikan dalam dan luar negeri.

16 Pages summary of Discourse Analysis and Language Teaching Bora Demir, Erden Akbaş Eğiten Kitap

 


Chapter 1: “Defining Discourse Analysis and its Scope for Language Teaching” (Demir & Akbaş)

Discourse analysis, as Demir and Akbaş present it, begins from a deceptively simple question: what happens when we look beyond individual sentences and ask how language is actually used in context? The chapter opens by distinguishing between sentence-level grammar — the traditional domain of linguistic analysis — and discourse-level meaning, where context, speaker intent, and social situation become central. For language teachers, this shift in focus transforms how they think about communication and how they teach it. Language, the authors argue, isn’t just a system of forms; it’s a medium for interaction, shaped by cultural expectations, social relationships, and pragmatic goals.

The chapter first clarifies the term “discourse.” Drawing on both linguistics and sociolinguistics, Demir and Akbaş define discourse as language in use — stretches of spoken or written text that perform communicative functions within specific contexts. The definition inherently resists reduction to isolated sentences; it insists that meaning is constructed through the interplay of linguistic forms and situational factors. For example, the same grammatical structure (“Can you open the window?”) may function as a question, a request, or even a polite command, depending on who is speaking, to whom, and under what circumstances. Discourse, then, is not merely linguistic material but a reflection of human interaction.

The authors contrast discourse analysis with traditional linguistic analysis. While linguistics often treats language as a system of abstract rules, discourse analysis examines how those rules are mobilized in real situations. It looks for coherence and intention rather than correctness. This distinction is particularly relevant for language teaching, where a focus on grammar alone often produces learners who can form correct sentences but struggle to use them naturally in conversation or writing. Demir and Akbaş position discourse analysis as a corrective — a bridge between form and function.

From this conceptual base, the chapter expands on the scope of discourse analysis in language education. The authors identify several layers at which discourse operates: textual (organization of ideas), interactional (how participants manage turns, politeness, and repair), and social (how identity and power relations shape communication). Each layer offers insights teachers can use to help learners understand authentic language use. For instance, teaching students about how spoken exchanges are structured — greetings, small talk, topic shifts — equips them to engage more effectively in real-world interactions.

Central to Demir and Akbaş’s argument is the role of context. Context isn’t treated as a background variable but as an active element in meaning-making. They distinguish between linguistic context (the surrounding text), situational context (the immediate physical and social environment), and cultural context (shared beliefs and norms that influence interpretation). Each of these levels affects how discourse is understood. For example, irony or humor often depends on cultural context, while reference (“this,” “that,” “here,” “there”) depends on situational context. Without attending to these layers, learners may misinterpret intended meanings even if they understand the words.

The authors also discuss the relationship between discourse and communicative competence. In communicative approaches to language teaching, the goal is not merely grammatical accuracy but appropriate use. Discourse analysis offers the descriptive and analytical tools to achieve this. By examining real conversations, classroom interactions, or written genres, teachers can help students see how meaning is negotiated, how coherence is achieved, and how social roles are performed through language. For example, understanding how academic articles establish authority or how service encounters manage politeness directly informs pedagogical choices.

Demir and Akbaş then turn to types of discourse relevant to teaching. They differentiate between spoken and written discourse, monologic and dialogic forms, institutional and casual talk. Each type reveals different conventions and constraints. For instance, spoken discourse tends to feature hesitation, overlap, and repair, whereas written discourse emphasizes cohesion and organization. Classroom activities should expose learners to both, since language proficiency depends on navigating across modes and contexts.

A key contribution of this chapter is its insistence on authenticity. Real language use, the authors argue, is often messy, nonlinear, and context-bound — unlike the clean examples found in many textbooks. Discourse analysis encourages teachers to bring authentic materials into the classroom: transcripts of conversations, online discussions, advertisements, academic essays, and more. By analyzing how language actually functions in such texts, learners can develop a deeper, more flexible understanding of meaning. The focus shifts from memorizing rules to recognizing patterns of use.

List of reviewers in REGISTER JOURNAL

Prof. Dr. Annisa Astrid. M.PD. SCOPUS ID:57210890374, ORCID ID; 0000-0003-1601-4848, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. A.M.Hermina Sutami, M.Hum., Universitas Indonesia

Asst. Prof. Jepri Ali Saiful, Ph.D., SCOPUS ID: 57208280881,  ORCID ID:0000-0001-6921-5622, Department of English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya,  East Java, Indonesia

Dr. Setyo Prasiyanto Cahyono,  SCOPUS ID: 57211742073 ,Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Indonesia

Dr. R. Bunga Febriani, S.S., M.Hum,  Scopus ID:  57217300982, Google Scholar ID , Orcid ID: 0000-0001-7335-1416, Universitas Galuh, Indonesia.

Manna Dey, SCOPUS ID: 58683924600, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0169-8995, Department of English, Faculty of Arts & Humanities, World University of Bangladesh.

Journals from UIN Salatiga

  Journals from UIN Salatiga

  1. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies – Sinta 1 | Scopus: Q1 | WoS: Yes
    🔗 https://ejournal.uinsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/ijims

  2. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan – Sinta 1 | Scopus: Q1 | WoS: —
    🔗 https://ejournal.uinsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/ijtihad

  3. INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan – Sinta 2 | Scopus: — | WoS: —
    🔗 https://ejournal.uinsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/inferensi

  4. REGISTER JOURNAL – Sinta 2 | Scopus: — | WoS: Yes
    🔗 https://ejournal.uinsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/register

  5. LISANIA: Journal of Arabic Education and Literature – Sinta 2 | Scopus: — | WoS: —
    🔗 https://ejournal.uinsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/lisania

  6. Millati: Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities – Sinta 2 | Scopus: — | WoS: —
    🔗 https://ejournal.uinsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/millati

  7. Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah – Sinta 2 | Scopus: — | WoS: —
    🔗 https://ejournal.uinsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/muqtasid

  8. MUDARRISA: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Islam – Sinta 2 | Scopus: — | WoS: —
    🔗 https://ejournal.uinsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/mudarrisa

  9. Hipotenusa: Journal of Mathematical Society – Sinta 2 | Scopus: — | WoS: —
    🔗 https://ejournal.uinsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/hipotenusa

Akar Masalah: Mengapa Hasil Penelitian Tidak Relate dan Tidak Digunakan

 

1. Akar Masalah: Mengapa Hasil Penelitian Tidak Relate dan Tidak Digunakan

a. Budaya Akademik yang Berorientasi pada “Kewajiban”, Bukan Kebutuhan

Banyak penelitian dilakukan hanya untuk memenuhi syarat administratif (skripsi, tesis, jurnal akreditasi, kenaikan pangkat, dsb), bukan karena ada kebutuhan nyata dari sekolah atau industri pendidikan.
👉 Akibatnya, topik penelitian sering dipilih asal-asalan dan tidak berdasarkan real problem di lapangan.


b. Permasalahan yang “Diada-adakan” agar Terlihat Ilmiah

Dosen dan mahasiswa sering membuat “masalah buatan” agar penelitian terdengar ilmiah, padahal di lapangan guru dan siswa tidak pernah menganggap itu masalah.
👉 Misalnya, menguji efektivitas metode baru padahal metode lama sudah berjalan baik dan sesuai konteks siswa.


c. Tidak Ada Kolaborasi dengan Praktisi Sekolah dan Dunia Industri

Penelitian jarang melibatkan:

  • guru di sekolah (praktisi lapangan),

  • lembaga kursus,

  • perusahaan edtech,

  • atau penerbit buku bahasa Inggris.
    Akibatnya hasil penelitian hanya berhenti di laporan dan tidak diimplementasikan.


d. Metodologi yang Artifisial dan Tidak Kontekstual

Peneliti sering memaksakan desain eksperimen di situasi yang tidak realistis.
Contohnya: “Pre-test dan post-test dalam dua minggu” untuk menilai peningkatan speaking skill, padahal kemampuan berbicara butuh waktu lama untuk berkembang.


e. Minimnya Kajian Kebutuhan (Needs Analysis)

Padahal ESP (English for Specific Purposes) dan curriculum design sangat menekankan analisis kebutuhan.
Namun banyak penelitian tidak melakukan needs analysis, sehingga produk atau rekomendasinya tidak berguna.

Pak Faizal's UTS DISCUSSION TEXT WRITING PROJECT 2025

 Pak Faizal's UTS  DISCUSSION TEXT WRITING PROJECT


Assalamualaikum wr.wb

Dear students of the 5th semester of Academic Writing

This is the detailing of your UTS assignment. 

1. Create an outline of your discussion text. It should consist of at least 6 (six) paragraphs. Introduction (one paragraph: your thesis and the purpose of writing), pro argument (at least 2 paragraphs), contra argument (at least 2 paragraphs), and the conclusion.

This is an example of the outline:

Outline: Integrating Islamic Morality into English Language Teaching

Introduction

  • English is taught globally across diverse cultural and religious settings.
  • Central debate:
    • Should Islamic morality (e.g., honesty, respect, responsibility) be part of English language teaching?
    • Or should English classes remain secular and focus purely on language skills?
  • Purpose: To present both supporting and opposing arguments for educators’ consideration.

Arguments For (Pro)

1.     Character Building

o    Islamic morality encourages honesty, kindness, and respect.

o    Helps students develop responsibility and ethical awareness.

2.     Cultural Relevance

o    Makes English lessons more relatable in Muslim-majority contexts.

o    Connects language learning to students’ lived experiences.

3.     Holistic Education

o    Goes beyond grammar and vocabulary.

o    Supports spiritual, moral, and linguistic growth together.


Arguments Against (Contra)

1.     Classroom Diversity

o    Students may come from different religious or secular backgrounds.

o    Emphasis on one religion’s values might exclude or alienate others.

2.     Curriculum Overload

o    Moral content may reduce time for language practice.

o    Could detract from core English learning objectives.

3.     Professional Neutrality

o    Teachers should stay objective and focus on linguistic goals.

o    Religious or moral instruction may blur professional boundaries.


Conclusion and Recommendation

Thesis Statement

  • Integrating Islamic moral values into English language teaching is essential and beneficial.
  • The integration supports both linguistic competence and moral-spiritual development, achieving the aim of holistic education.
  • Take sides/the tendency of the author:
    • The stance leans positively toward the integration of Islamic moral values in English education.

    • The author's position also emphasizes balance: language education should develop both intellect and morality, producing ethical, culturally grounded, and globally competent communicators.

2.  Develop your outline to be full text at least 6 (six) paragraphs. don't forget to put your full name, students number and your class of academic writing on the text. This is the example of the full text https://www.pakfaizal.com/2025/10/full-text-of-discussion-text-pro-and.html

3. Don't forget to put in text citation on the body text of the paragraph and list of references at least 10 references taken from ebook and journals. the reference of ebook can be taken from library Genesis/LIBGEN or https://annas-archive.org/. The source of journal can be taken from www.doaj.orgwww.paperity.org and https://eric.ed.gov/

4. Use APA 7th edition as the citation style. you may use mendeley or zotero as your reference manager tools or you may arrange manual citation by studying this tutorial: https://www.pakfaizal.com/2025/09/cara-mensitasi-apa-secara-manual-tanpa.html

5. The last and happy Step: Upload your UTS assignment in a form of a PDF or MS Word file and copy and paste the link URL of your short video explanation. this is an example of  5-minute video explanation of the discussion text: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0Q6dCP0YqU&t=42s
at this link URL of g-form: https://forms.gle/WQVsfmHCPXZjpd74AThe deadline for submission is Saturday night, 23:59, October 25th, 2025.

Waalaikum salam warahmatullah
Best Regards
Dr. Faizal Risdianto

FULL TEXT OF DISCUSSION TEXT: PRO AND CONTRA DEBATE

Name:

NIM/Student Number: 

Class:5A/5B


“Should English Classes Include Islamic Values?”


English is taught in many countries with diverse cultural and religious backgrounds (Crystal, 2012). This has sparked an ongoing debate: should Islamic morality and lessons like honesty, respect, and responsibility be integrated into English language teaching, or should English classes remain purely secular and language-focused (Al Zeera, 2001)?.  The purpose of this paper is to present both supporting and opposing arguments to help educators make an informed decision (Richards & Rodgers, 2014). 


Character Building

Teaching Islamic morality can promote positive values such as honesty, kindness, and respect, which help shape students into responsible individuals (Halstead, 2004). Moral education is a recognized goal in many educational systems, and language classes can support this mission (Lickona, 1991). Furthermore, English teaching that incorporates Islamic perspectives can cultivate ethical awareness and empathy, preparing learners to engage respectfully in global communication while maintaining their moral grounding (Al Zeera, 2001). 


Cultural Relevance

In Muslim-majority countries, integrating Islamic values can make lessons more relatable and meaningful for students, fostering a sense of cultural pride and identity (Kramsch, 1998). When students see their beliefs and values reflected in learning materials, their motivation and participation increase, leading to deeper engagement and retention (Noddings, 2013). 


Holistic Education

Moreover, integrating Islamic morality aligns with the concept of holistic education, which views learning as the development of both intellect and character (Halstead, 2004). Language learning can go beyond grammar and vocabulary, supporting students’ spiritual and moral growth along with linguistic competence (Noddings, 2013). The inclusion of moral and cultural dimensions may also enhance intercultural communicative competence—helping students express their identity respectfully while understanding others (Byram, 1997). This approach encourages balance between faith-based values and global citizenship, promoting tolerance, empathy, and responsible communication. 


On the other side, there is a problem of classroom diversity. In many educational contexts, English classrooms bring together students from varied cultural, religious, and secular backgrounds. Emphasizing one religion’s moral framework, such as Islamic values, may unintentionally marginalize those who do not share the same beliefs (Kubota, 2004). This exclusivity can affect classroom harmony and discourage participation among learners who feel their identities are not acknowledged or respected (Canagarajah, 1999). A diverse classroom requires a pedagogical approach that fosters inclusivity and respect for all belief systems rather than privileging one perspective.


Moreover, there is a practical concern regarding curriculum overload. Integrating moral and religious lessons within English instruction could take valuable time away from the mastery of core language skills—listening, speaking, reading, and writing (Brown, 2014). Since language teachers already operate under limited instructional hours, they may find it difficult to balance linguistic objectives with moral content (Richards & Rodgers, 2014). Without careful planning, this integration risks diluting the primary purpose of English language education, which is to develop communicative competence and linguistic proficiency.


In addition, some educators advocate for teacher neutrality in language education. They argue that teachers should focus on language objectives rather than promoting any particular set of moral or religious values (Edge, 2003). Maintaining neutrality helps ensure that classrooms remain free from ideological bias, allowing all students to learn in an open and respectful environment (Pennycook, 2017). From this perspective, the teacher’s role is to facilitate communication and critical thinking rather than to transmit moral doctrines, ensuring that English learning remains inclusive, balanced, and globally oriented.

 

Integrating Islamic values into English language teaching offers a balanced approach that unites linguistic competence with moral and spiritual development. While language education must remain inclusive and communicative (Byram, 1997), embedding principles such as honesty, respect, and justice enriches learners’ character and aligns with broader educational goals (Lickona, 1991; Halstead, 2004). In Muslim-majority contexts, this integration enhances the authenticity and cultural relevance of learning experiences (Al Zeera, 2001). Rooted in Islamic ethics yet adaptable to universal values, it transforms the classroom into a space where language learning nurtures both intellect and morality, cultivating ethical and globally aware communicators (Noddings, 2013; Al Zeera, 2001).

 


References

Al Zeera, Z. (2001). Wholeness and holiness in education: An Islamic perspective. International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Brown, H. D. (2006). Principles of language learning and teaching (5th ed.). Pearson Education.

Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Multilingual Matters.

Canagarajah, A. S. (1999). Resisting linguistic imperialism in English teaching. Oxford University Press.

Crystal, D. (2012). English as a global language (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Edge, J. (2003). Imperial troopers and servants of the lord : A vision of TESOL for the 21st century. TESOL Quarterly, 37(4), 701–709. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588227

Halstead, J. M. (2004). An Islamic concept of education. Comparative Education, 40(4), 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305006042000284510

Kramsch, C. (1998). Language and culture. Oxford University Press.

Kubota, R. (2004). Critical multiculturalism and second language education. In B. Norton & K. Toohey (Eds.), Critical pedagogies and language learning (pp. 30–52). Cambridge University Press.

Lickona, T. (1991). Educating for character: How our schools can teach respect and responsibility. Bantam Books.

Noddings, N. (2013). Education and democracy in the 21st century. Teachers College Press.

Pennycook, A. (2017). The cultural politics of English as an international language. Routledge.

Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.


Key Differences between Phonetics and Phonology

 


Key Differences between Phonetics and Phonology

AspectPhoneticsPhonology
DefinitionThe study of speech sounds and how they are physically produced, transmitted, and heard.The study of how sounds function and pattern in a particular language or across languages.
FocusSound as a physical phenomenon (articulation, acoustics, perception).Sound as a mental system of rules and patterns.
Unit of StudyPhones (actual sounds).Phonemes (distinctive sound units).
Example QuestionHow is the sound /p/ produced in the mouth?Why does English distinguish /p/ and /b/ in “pat” vs “bat”?
MethodUses tools like spectrograms, acoustic analysis, and articulatory description.Uses abstract representations, minimal pairs, and rule analysis.
Type of AnalysisConcrete and measurable.Abstract and language-specific.
Branch TypesArticulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics.Segmental (phonemes) and suprasegmental (stress, intonation) phonology.

Realisasi Sistem Appraisal dan Ideologi dalam Teks Berita Daring tentang Pemindahan Ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia: Kajian Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional

 Realisasi Sistem Appraisal dan Ideologi dalam Teks Berita Daring tentang Pemindahan Ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia: Kajian Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional

Penulis Utama : Faizal Risdianto

NIM / NIP : T111808004

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap fenomena Pemindahan Ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia dalam kerangka kerja Sistem Appraisal atau evaluasi bahasa serta konstruksi ideologi yang dapat diidentifikasi dalam 4 (empat) surat kabar daring nasional. Identifikasi tersebut dilakukan dengan mengungkapkan realisasi Attitude, Graduation, dan Engagement sebagai sub-sistem Appraisal. Pendekatan Deskriptif-Kualitatif digunakan untuk membedah fenomena linguistik  ini. Delapan teks berita daring Kompas, Republika, Media Indonesia, dan Jawa Pos antara tanggal 9 Maret 2021 hingga 26 Maret 2022 dikaji dalam penelitian ini. Fokus diberikan pada bahasa evaluatif dalam teks berita daring terkait isu Pemindahan Ibu Kota Negara Republik Indonesia dengan teori Appraisal  sebagai bagian dari  Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional (LSF) sebagai alat analisis. Hasil analisis disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan diagram untuk menggambarkan sistem evaluasi secara sistematis dan holistik, menunjukkan bagaimana penilaian positif dan negatif disampaikan oleh jurnalis dan redaktur media dalam teks berita daring.

2025 Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference and Research Expo (AIICARE)

 

✨ CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS✨

AIICARE LP2M UIN Salatiga  invite scholars, researchers, and practitioners to contribute to: 2025 Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference and Research Expo (AIICARE)

Theme: Approaches to Sustainability: Bridging Science, Society, and Culture

📅 Key Dates:

Submission (Full Paper): 22 Oct 2025

Editorial Check & Peer Review: 24–31 Oct 2025

Conference Date: 3–4 November 2025

Notification: 30 Nov 2025

Revision: 29 Dec 2025

📅 Conference Date: 3–4 November 2025

📍 Venue: Laras Asri Hotel, Salatiga

Keynote Speaker

Prof. Zakiyuddin, M.Ag. – Rector of UIN Salatiga

Invited Speakers

Prof. Nasr Muhammad Arif – Cairo University, Egypt

Mr Theophile Rurangwa – Rwanda

Prof. Maila Dinia Rahiem – UIN Jakarta

Prof. Jumanto – Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Semarang


Conference Topics

1. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Practice

2. Green Innovations and Emerging Technologies

3. Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

4. Cultural Dimensions of Sustainability

5. Sustainable Education and Pedagogy

6. Health, Well-being, and Sustainability

7. Sustainable Business, Finance, and Economics

8. Food Security and Agricultural Sustainability

9. Policy, Governance, and Justice in Sustainability

10. Media, Communication, and Public Awareness for Sustainability

11. Sustainable Architecture and Urban Planning

12. Water, Energy, and Resource Management

13. Interdisciplinary Research Methods for Sustainability

14. Youth, Activism, and Leadership in Sustainability

15. Arts, Humanities, and Creative Approaches to Sustainability


The proceeding paper will be published in the Proceedings Book, published by Taylor & Francis.

📌 Template: https://s.id/templategreenthink

📌 Submission Link: https://bit.ly/GreenThink2025

🔍 Peer-reviewed • Proposed for Scopus Indexing • Open Access

🌱 Scopes (Aligned with 17 SDGs): From Poverty Eradication, Sustainable Cities, Climate Action, to Partnerships for the Goals – your research matters for building a sustainable future.


Conference Fees:

Presenters Fees

Mahasiswa 150 K

Dosen UIN Salatiga 250 K

Dosen umum 350 K


Non-Presenters Fees

Mahasiswa 100 K

Dosen UIN Salatiga 200 K

Dosen umum 300 K


Participants Registration: https://bit.ly/42Qxbwb

Contact Person

📞 Muhamad Gani Rohman ‪‪‪‪‪(+62 857-1682-9216‬‬‬‬‬)

🌟 Organized by GreenThink Conference, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, and Luhur Alam Sejati Foundation in cooperation with ICEMS FITK UIN Jakarta, ICIIS SPS UIN Jakarta, AIICARE LP2M UIN Salatiga

🔗 Let’s unite knowledge for impact. Submit your paper and be part of the global movement for a sustainable future!


Timeline Kehidupan Bani Israil

 1. Masa Penindasan di Mesir oleh Firaun

  • Dalil: "Sesungguhnya Firaun telah berbuat sewenang-wenang di bumi dan menjadikan penduduknya berpecah belah, dengan menindas segolongan dari mereka (Bani Israil), menyembelih anak laki-laki mereka dan membiarkan hidup anak-anak perempuan mereka..." (QS. Al-Qashash: 4)
  • Narasi Lengkap: Setelah wafatnya Nabi Yusuf dan generasinya, bangkitlah penguasa baru yang tidak mengenal Nabi Yusuf. Bani Israil yang awalnya dihormati menjadi tertindas. Firaun memerintahkan pembunuhan sistematis terhadap setiap bayi laki-laki Bani Israil karena takut pada ramalan tentang jatuhnya kekuasaannya.

2. Kelahiran dan Penyelamatan Nabi Musa A.S.

  • Dalil: "Dan Kami ilhamkan kepada ibu Musa A.S.: 'Susuilah dia, dan apabila kamu khawatir terhadapnya maka hanyutkanlah dia ke sungai (Nil). Dan janganlah kamu khawatir dan janganlah bersedih hati. Sesungguhnya Kami akan mengembalikannya kepadamu, dan menjadikannya salah seorang rasul.'" (QS. Al-Qashash: 7)
  • Narasi Lengkap: Atas ilham Allah, ibu Musa A.S. menghanyutkannya dalam peti ke sungai Nil. Peti itu ditemukan oleh keluarga Firaun. Musa A.S. kecil menolak disusui oleh siapa pun, hingga akhirnya dibawa kepada ibunya sendiri yang dipanggil ke istana. Thus, Nabi Musa A.S. tumbuh dilindungi oleh Allah, belajar di istana musuhnya sendiri.

3. Diutusnya Nabi Musa A.S. dan Konfrontasi dengan Firaun

  • Dalil: "Pergilah kamu berdua kepada Firaun, sesungguhnya dia telah melampaui batas. Maka berbicaralah kamu berdua kepadanya dengan kata-kata yang lemah lembut, mudah-mudahan ia ingat atau takut." (QS. Taha: 43-44)
  • Narasi Lengkap: Setelah dewasa dan peristiwa pembunuhan tidak sengaja, Nabi Musa A.S. meninggalkan Mesir. Di lembah Thuwa, ia mendengar panggilan Allah dari sebatang pohon yang menyala: "Sesungguhnya Aku adalah Allah, tidak ada Tuhan selain Aku, maka sembahlah Aku..." (QS. Taha: 14). Nabi Musa A.S. kemudian diperintahkan kembali ke Mesir bersama saudaranya, Harun.

4. Mukjizat, Tulah, dan Eksodus

  • Dalil (Tulah): "Maka Kami kirimkan kepada mereka topan, belalang, kutu, katak dan darah (sebagai bukti) yang jelas, tetapi mereka tetap menyombongkan diri dan mereka adalah kaum yang berdosa." (QS. Al-A'raf: 133)
  • Narasi Lengkap: Firaun dan para penyihirnya kalah dalam pertandingan mukjizat, tetapi Firaun tetap ingkar. Allah menurunkan serangkaian tulah sebagai peringatan berlapis. Tulah terakhir, kematian anak sulung, akhirnya memaksa Firaun mengizinkan Bani Israil pergi. Namun, ia segera mengejar mereka dengan bala tentara.

5. Mukjizat Penyelamatan di Laut Merah

  • Dalil: "Lalu Kami wahyukan kepada Musa A.S.: 'Pukullah laut itu dengan tongkatmu.' Maka terbelahlah laut itu, dan setiap belahan seperti gunung yang besar." (QS. Asy-Syu'ara: 63)
  • Narasi Lengkap: Terjepit antara laut dan tentara Firaun, Bani Israil panik. Atas perintah Allah, Nabi Musa A.S. memukul laut dengan tongkatnya, menciptakan jalan kering di tengah-tengahnya. Setelah Bani Israil selamat, laut ditutup kembali, menenggelamkan Firaun yang di saat akhirnya mengaku beriman, tetapi taubatnya tidak diterima (QS. Yunus: 90-92).

6. Ujian Iman di Gurun: Manna, Salwa, dan Air

  • Dalil: "Dan Kami naungi kamu dengan awan (dari panasnya gurun) dan Kami turunkan kepadamu manna dan salwa." (QS. Al-Baqarah: 57)
  • Narasi Lengkap: Di gurun yang gersang, Bani Israil diuji dengan kelaparan dan kehausan. Manna adalah makanan manis seperti madu yang turun di pagi hari, sedangkan Salwa adalah burung puyuh yang lembut yang dapat ditangkap dengan mudah. Saat kehausan, Nabi Musa A.S. atas perintah Allah memukul batu dengan tongkatnya sehingga memancarlah darinya dua belas mata air untuk setiap suku Bani Israil (QS. Al-Baqarah: 60).

7. Ketidakhadiran Nabi Musa A.S. dan Penyembahan Anak Sapi Emas

  • Dalil: "Dan Kami telah menjanjikan kepada Musa A.S. (memberikan Taurat) setelah berlalu waktu tiga puluh malam, dan Kami sempurnakan jumlahnya dengan sepuluh (malam lagi), sehingga sempurna masa yang ditentukan Tuhannya empat puluh malam..." (QS. Al-A'raf: 142)
  • Narasi Lengkap: Saat Nabi Musa A.S. bermunajat di Gunung Thur, kaumnya yang dipimpin oleh Samiri merasa kehilangan figur pemimpin. Samiri mengumpulkan perhiasan emas mereka dan membuatnya menjadi patung anak sapi yang mengeluarkan suara. Bani Israil pun menyembahnya. Nabi Musa A.S. kembali dengan membawa lembaran Taurat, marah besar, menghancurkan patung itu, dan mengusir Samiri.

8. Permintaan Melihat Allah dan Sambaran Petir

  • Dalil: "Dan (ingatlah) ketika kamu berkata: 'Wahai Musa A.S.! Kami tidak akan beriman kepadamu sebelum kami melihat Allah dengan terang-terangan.' Maka halilintar menyambarmu saat kamu menyaksikannya." (QS. Al-Baqarah: 55)
  • Narasi Lengkap: Setelah bertaubat dari penyembahan anak sapi, Nabi Musa A.S. memilih 70 orang terbaik dari Bani Israil untuk datang bersamanya ke gunung dan bertaubat secara khidmat. Namun, di puncak kekhusyukan, mereka justru meminta hal yang mustahil: melihat Allah secara fisik. Akibatnya, mereka disambar petir hingga meninggal, lalu dihidupkan kembali setelah Nabi Musa A.S. memohonkan ampunan (QS. Al-Baqarah: 55-56).

9. Penolakan Memasuki Tanah Suci dan Hukuman 40 Tahun

  • Dalil (Penolakan): "Mereka berkata: 'Wahai Musa A.S., sesungguhnya di dalamnya (negeri itu) ada orang-orang yang gagah perkasa, dan sesungguhnya kami tidak akan memasukinya sebelum mereka keluar darinya. Jika mereka keluar darinya, pasti kami akan memasukinya.'" (QS. Al-Ma'idah: 22)
  • Dalil (Hukuman): "(Allah) berfirman: 'Maka (negeri itu) diharamkan bagi mereka selama empat puluh tahun, (selama itu) mereka akan berkelana di bumi (dalam kebingungan). Maka janganlah kamu bersedih hati terhadap orang-orang yang fasik itu.'" (QS. Al-Ma'idah: 26)
  • Narasi Lengkap: Setelah tiba di perbatasan Palestina, Bani Israil diperintahkan untuk memerangi kaum Jabarin (orang-orang perkasa) yang zalim. Namun, karena takut, mereka menolak dan bahkan meminta Nabi Musa A.S. dan Tuhannya saja yang berperang. Akibat pembangkangan ini, Allah menghukum mereka tersesat dan berputar-putar di Padang Tih selama 40 tahun, di mana generasi tua yang pengecut akan mati secara alamiah.

10. Generasi Baru Memasuki Tanah Suci

  • Dalil: "Dan (ingatlah) ketika Kami berfirman: 'Masuklah kamu ke negeri ini (Baitul Maqdis), dan makanlah dari hasil buminya yang banyak lagi enak di mana saja kamu kehendaki. Dan masukilah pintu gerbangnya sambil bersujud, dan katakanlah: 'Bebaskanlah kami dari dosa,' niscaya Kami ampuni kesalahan-kesalahanmu. Dan kelak Kami akan menambah (karunia) kepada orang-orang yang berbuat baik.'" (QS. Al-Baqarah: 58)
  • Narasi Lengkap: Setelah 40 tahun, di bawah pimpinan Nabi Yusha' bin Nun (Yosua), generasi baru Bani Israil yang lebih taat dan pemberani akhirnya memasuki tanah suci. Mereka memasuki kota Ariha dengan merendahkan diri, mengucapkan "Hiththah" (ampunan), sebagai simbol ketundukan kepada Allah.

Kesimpulan Utama

Timeline ini menggambarkan perjalanan spiritual yang penuh ujian. Setiap mukjizat dan keselamatan yang diberikan Allah diikuti dengan ujian keimanan baru. Sayangnya, Bani Israil sering kali gagal dalam ujian-ujian tersebut karena sifat kufur nikmat, keras kepala, dan selalu meminta bukti fisik. Kisah ini menjadi pelajaran abadi tentang pentingnya syukur, ketaatan yang tulus, dan bahayanya menuruti hawa nafsu serta sifat pengecut.