Creswell’s Data Analysis Spiral can be described in five iterative steps as follows:
Managing and organizing the data: Arrange the raw lesson plans and interview transcripts into a clear system so they are easy to locate, compare, and analyze. This usually includes transcription, file labeling, and sorting by source or participant.[komunikasilingkungan]
Reading and memoing: Read the data repeatedly to get an overall sense of meaning, then write reflective memos about initial impressions, questions, or emerging ideas. These memos help bridge the raw data and later coding.[komunikasilingkungan]
Describing, classifying, and interpreting codes: Move from open codes to broader conceptual categories by grouping similar codes, describing patterns, and interpreting how they relate to one another. At this stage, the analysis becomes more abstract and thematic.[komunikasilingkungan]
Developing and assessing interpretations: Form deeper interpretations about what the participants know, believe, or understand, and check whether those interpretations are consistent with the full dataset. This step connects categories to the larger meaning of the study.[komunikasilingkungan]
Representing and visualizing the findings: Present the finalized analysis in contextual narratives supported by quotes, tables, diagrams, or other visuals so the findings are clear and meaningful to readers.[komunikasilingkungan]
In short, the spiral is iterative, meaning the researcher can move back and forth between steps until the interpretation feels well grounded in the data.[komunikasilingkungan]
