APPRAISAL APPRAISAL APPRAISAL

 


appraisal AND news OR berita

Publish or Perish 8.9.4554.8721 (basic report)
WinPosix (x64) edition, running on WinPosix 10.0.22621 (x64)

Search terms

Keywords: appraisal AND news OR berita
Years: all
Other options: include citations; include patents

Data retrieval

Data source: Google Scholar
Search date: 2024-01-09 11:07:14 +00700
Cache date: 2024-01-09 04:07:51 +00700
Search result: [0] No error

Important: This data source provides only abbreviated data. Any ellipses (... marks) shown in this report originate with the data source; they are NOT caused by subsequent processing in Publish or Perish.

Metrics

Reference date: 2024-01-09 04:07:51 +00700
Publication years: 1949-2023
Citation years: 75 (1949-2024)
Papers: 200
Citations: 15509
Citations/year: 206.79 (acc1=125, acc2=95, acc5=55, acc10=27, acc20=10)
Citations/paper: 77.55
Citations/author: 11170.72
Papers/author: 138.72
Authors/paper: 1.91/2.0/1 (mean/median/mode)
Age-weighted citation rate: 1386.72 (sqrt=37.24), 997.96/author
Hirsch h-index: 55 (a=5.13, m=0.73, 13782 cites=88.9% coverage)
Egghe g-index: 124 (g/h=2.25, 15408 cites=99.3% coverage)
PoP hI,norm: 45
PoP hI,annual: 0.60
Fassin hA-index: 16

Results

EF Prastikawati (2021) Attitude perspective in BBC News' Article: An appraisal analysis. Journal of English Language Studies, jurnal.untirta.ac.id, cited by 14 (4.67 per year)

MA Marpaung (2022) The Realization Of Attitude In Online News Article: An Appraisal Analysis. Pendalas: Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas …, journal.yaspim.org, cited by 2 (1.00 per year)

S Asad, SNFBM Noor, RN Indah, ... (2021) Attitude realization in news reports: An interpretation through an appraisal analysis. Indonesian Journal of …, repository.uin-malang.ac.id, cited by 17 (5.67 per year)

C Soo‐Guan Khoo, A Nourbakhsh, ... (2012) Sentiment analysis of online news text: A case study of appraisal theory. Online Information Review, emerald.com, doi:10.1108/14684521211287936, cited by 115 (9.58 per year)

C Chalimah, R Santosa, D Djatmika, ... (2018) Evaluating attitudes in news text: Appraisal in critical discourse study. … Seminar on Linguistics …, atlantis-press.com, cited by 22 (3.67 per year)

S Arunsirot (2012) The use of appraisal theory to analyze Thai newspaper commentaries. MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities, brill.com, cited by 23 (1.92 per year)

AI Yulianti, D Septiana, DM Rosni (2021) Analysis of Appraisal System in News Text “Berebut Vaksin”: A Study of Systemic Functional of Linguistic. … Language Education and …, syekhnurjati.ac.id, cited by 3 (1.00 per year)

SG Dinamika (2018) Appreciation in Jakarta Post's Arts and Cultural News: Appraisal Perspective., osf.io, cited by 3 (0.50 per year)

PM Hasibuan (2019) Fake News in Social Media: An Appraisal Analysis., repositori.usu.ac.id

L Cavasso, M Taboada (2021) A corpus analysis of online news comments using the Appraisal framework. Journal of Corpora and Discourse …, orca.cardiff.ac.uk, cited by 19 (6.33 per year)

D Economou (2009) Photos in the news: Appraisal analysis of visual semiosis and verbal-visual intersemiosis., ses.library.usyd.edu.au, cited by 98 (6.53 per year)

J Jin (2019) Political News Discourse Analysis Based on an Attitudinal Perspective of the Appraisal Theory-Taking the New York Times' Report China-DPRK Relations as …. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, academypublication.com, cited by 15 (3.00 per year)

D Puspita, BE Pranoto (2021) The attitude of Japanese newspapers in narrating disaster events: Appraisal in critical discourse study. Studies in English Language and Education, jurnal.usk.ac.id, cited by 349 (116.33 per year)

S Balzarotti, MR Ciceri (2014) News reports of catastrophes and viewers' fear: Threat appraisal of positively versus negatively framed events. Media Psychology, Taylor &Francis, doi:10.1080/15213269.2013.826588, cited by 55 (5.50 per year)

SP Cahyono, GKD Areni, ... (2021) Ideology and Power in Political News Text: Appraisal in Critical Discourse Analysis. Language Circle: Journal …, journal.unnes.ac.id, cited by 6 (2.00 per year)

C Sabao (2016) Arguments for an appraisal linguistic discourse approach to the analysis of 'objectivity'in 'hard'news reports. African Journalism Studies, researchgate.net, cited by 31 (3.88 per year)

K Nurhadi (2017) The appraisal analysis of national exam issues: A discourse analysis. Academic Journal Perspective: Education, Language …, jurnal.ugj.ac.id, cited by 10 (1.43 per year)

S Jing, J Lihuan (2021) Attitude Analysis of News Discourse from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory: A Case Study of China Daily's Report on COVID-19. Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social …, saudijournals.com, cited by 6 (2.00 per year)

P Yi, F Haihua (2012) A study of evaluative meanings in disaster news photos using Appraisal Theory. To boldly proceed, academia.edu, cited by 2 (0.17 per year)

X Zhang (2015) Comparative study on the appraisal resources of China Daily's disaster news. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, academypublication.com, cited by 14 (1.56 per year)

B Sudiyana, SA Emzir (2020) Emotional Languages by the President Candidates in Indonesian Online News Texts: Appraisal Analysis in the Protagonism Perspective., scitepress.org

NA Rohimajaya, W Hamer (2022) An Analysis of the Appraisal Framework" What the Pandemic Teaches us" in the Newspaper of the Jakarta Post. International Journal of Research in …, scholar.archive.org, cited by 3 (1.50 per year)

A Engelbrecht (2020) An Appraisal Theory Approach to News Reports on Rhino Poaching in South Africa. Language Matters: Studies in the Languages of …, journals.co.za, doi:10.1080/10228195.2019.1701266, cited by 15 (3.75 per year)

MA Van Driel (2018) Online news reporting: A comparative textual analysis of hard news live blogs and traditional online news articles and a reader response analysis using appraisal., etheses.bham.ac.uk, cited by 8 (1.33 per year)

C Sabao (2013) The reporter voice and objectivity in cross-linguistic reporting of controversial news in Zimbabwean newspapers: an appraisal approach., scholar.sun.ac.za, cited by 28 (2.55 per year)

M Mirzaaghabeyk (2022) Attitude System Realization of News Texts in Light of Appraisal Theory. Journal of Contemporary Language Research, jclr.rovedar.com

R Iedema, S Feez, P White (1994) Appraisal and journalistic discourse. Media literacy, languageofevaluation.info, cited by 17 (0.57 per year)

HJ Skornia (1974) Television and the News: A Critical Appraisal.., ERIC, cited by 69 (1.38 per year)

M Ilham (2021) The Use of Appraisal Attitude in The Coronavirus (Covid-19) Texts of CNN International Website., repositori.usu.ac.id

Z Wang, W Gantz (2010) Health content in local television news: A current appraisal. Health Communication, Taylor &Francis, doi:10.1080/10410231003698903, cited by 49 (3.50 per year)

A Ascenzi, F Mallegni, G Manzi, AG Segre, ... (2000) News and Views A re-appraisal of Ceprano calvaria affinities with Homo erectus, after the new reconstruction. Journal of Human …, academia.edu, cited by 136 (5.67 per year)

NR Fatkhiyati (2019) IDENTIFYING THE APPRAISAL SYSTEM AND THE DEGREE OF OBJECTIVITY IN ONLINE MEDIA ISSUING ABU BAKAR BASHIR'S CONTROVERSIAL CASE., eprints.undip.ac.id

W INDRIYANI An Appraisal Study of Booster Vaccine News in Indonesia on Antara News. repository.unej.ac.id

AF AGUSTIN (2020) Appraisal Analysis of International Press Coverage about 2019 Hong Kong Protests., repository.unj.ac.id

JL Hulteng, RP Nelson (1971) The Fourth Estate: An Informal Appraisal of the News and Opinion Media.., ERIC, cited by 70 (1.32 per year)

AB Pratama, K Rustipa (2020) MOOD TYPE AND APPRAISAL REALIZED IN THE ONLINE JAKARTA POST EDITORIAL ISSUED ON MARCH 12TH, 2018" VOTERS NEED MORE CANDIDATES". Dinamika Bahasa dan Budaya, unisbank.ac.id, cited by 1 (0.25 per year)

C Coffin, K O'Halloran (2006) The role of appraisal and corpora in detecting covert evaluation. Functions of language, jbe-platform.com, doi:10.1075/fol.13.1.04cof, cited by 167 (9.28 per year)

J Boéri, A Fattah (2020) Manipulation of translation in hard news reporting on the Gulf crisis: combining narrative and appraisal. Meta, erudit.org, cited by 10 (2.50 per year)

Y Wei, M Wherrity, Y Zhang (2015) An analysis of current research on the appraisal theory. Linguistics and Literature Studies, Citeseer, cited by 46 (5.11 per year)

C Badklang ATTITUDE EXPRESSED FROM ONLINE NEWS DISCOURSE ON RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR: A PERSPECTIVE OF APPRAISAL THEORY. profile.yru.ac.th

HL Daniarsa, S Mulatsih (2020) Appraisal Analysis of Tempo's And Kompas' Editorials On Papua Cases. E-Structural (English Studies on …, publikasi.dinus.ac.id, cited by 3 (0.75 per year)

KC Panda, DK Swain (2011) E-newspapers and e-news services in the electronic age: an appraisal., nopr.niscpr.res.in, cited by 20 (1.54 per year)

R Santosa, AD Priyanto, A Nuraeni (2014) Genre and register of antagonist's language in media: An appraisal study of Indonesian newspapers. kata, ahec-aupf.petra.ac.id, cited by 26 (2.60 per year)

CM Amorós (2017) Soft spots in hard news. Appraisal strategies in the hard news headlines of two English and two Spanish quality digital newspapers: A corpus study., dialnet.unirioja.es, cited by 1 (0.14 per year)

W Yu, N Jincheng Analysis of Attitude Resources in News Headlines of the Economist From the Perspective of the Appraisal Theory. davidpublisher.com

MR Edwin, GL Yalmi (2019) Fake news and home truths, its effects on the contemporary political narratives: an appraisal of India and Nigeria. … Journal of Humanities and Social Science, academia.edu, cited by 14 (2.80 per year)

M Azhar (2022) Attitude Relation, Online News, Appraisal Theory. PENDALAS: Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan …, journal.yaspim.org

YS Samsi, I Lukmana, D Sudana (2021) Language Evaluation of Covid-19 Vaccination News: Corpus of Indonesian Newspaper and Appraisal Insights. Ethical Lingua: Journal of …, ethicallingua.org, cited by 4 (1.33 per year)

E Jakaza, M Visser (2016) 'Subjectivity'in newspaper reports on 'controversial'and 'emotional'debates: An appraisal and controversy analysis. Language Matters, Taylor &Francis, doi:10.1080/10228195.2015.1060513, cited by 12 (1.50 per year)

T Arkida, D Djatmika, R Santosa (2022) Appraisal: Framing on Covid-19 Pandemic Handling News in Indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural …, ijmmu.com, cited by 2 (1.00 per year)

E Jakaza (2013) Appraisal and evaluation in Zimbabwean parliamentary discourse and its representation in newspaper articles., scholar.sun.ac.za, cited by 38 (3.45 per year)

GH Tran, XM Ngo (2018) News comments on facebook–a systemic functional linguistic analysis of moves and appraisal language in reader-reader interaction. Journal of World Languages, degruyter.com, doi:10.1080/21698252.2018.1504856, cited by 12 (2.00 per year)

Z Nádraská (2017) The functions of external voices in hard news Appraisal: A dialogic perspective. Topics in Linguistics, sciendo.com, doi:10.1515/topling-2017-0011, cited by 8 (1.14 per year)

R Trnavac, M Taboada (2019) Positive Appraisal in Online News Comments. Studies in Ethnopragmatics, Cultural Semantics …, Springer, doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9983-2_10, cited by 1 (0.20 per year)

IK Zulaikha, S Diana (2017) The Appraisal of Bias and Power as Expressed in Several Indonesian News Articles About Indonesia New House Speaker Inauguration. Publika Budaya, jurnal.unej.ac.id

YA Lestari, A Tallapessy, GH Murti (2023) Appraisal analysis of the Jakarta Post's news article on the environmental issue. Language Literacy: Journal …, jurnaltest.uisu.ac.id, cited by 2 (2.00 per year)

L Mugumya (2013) The discourse of conflict: an appraisal analysis of newspaper genres in English and Runyankore-Rukiga in Uganda (2001-2010)., scholar.sun.ac.za, cited by 18 (1.64 per year)

S Paul, S Sosale (2023) Cultures of Restraint and Towards an Appraisal of Non-Western News Values. Journalism Studies, Taylor &Francis, doi:10.1080/1461670X.2023.2183063

S Objectivity The Appraisal Framework and Analyses of Journalistic Discourse. APPLIABLE LINGUISTICS AND SOCIAL SEMIOTICS, torrossa.com

LM Parvin (2017) CDA undertaken through SFL: Employment of appraisal in critical discourse analysis of the news. International Journal of Linguistics and Literature (IJLL), academia.edu, cited by 8 (1.14 per year)

NTT Hien (2016) An Appraisal Study of Social Attitudes in News Reports towards President Obama's Visit to Vietnam. VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, jfs.ulis.vnu.edu.vn, cited by 4 (0.50 per year)

M Macken-Horarik (2003) Appraisal and the special instructiveness of narrative. Text &Talk, degruyter.com, doi:10.1515/text.2003.012, cited by 266 (12.67 per year)

W Liu, W Zhang (2015) One coin has two sides: A comparative appraisal of New York Times and China Daily's News coverage of alleged internet hacking. Journal of Arts and Humanities, theartsjournal.org, cited by 12 (1.33 per year)

R Wu, X Zhao (2018) Appraisal Analysis of Attitude Resources in Russian “Belt and Road Initiative” News. International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, ijlass.org, cited by 8 (1.33 per year)

GC Khoury, F Analoui (2004) Innovative management model for performance appraisal: the case of the Palestinian public universities. Management Research News, emerald.com, doi:10.1108/01409170410784356, cited by 80 (4.00 per year)

C Larson (1949) OWI's Domestic News Bureau: An Account and Appraisal. Journalism Quarterly, journals.sagepub.com, doi:10.1177/107769904902600101, cited by 6 (0.08 per year)

JA Barron (2006) Access to the media-a contemporary appraisal. Hofstra L. Rev., HeinOnline, cited by 37 (2.06 per year)

NS Akhiroh ANALYSIS OF APPRAISAL SYSTEM IN THE EDITORIAL ABOUT UIGHUR, MIDLE EAST WITH CHINA. PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics, jurnal.uns.ac.id

L Mitchinson, A Dowrick, C Buck, ... (2021) Missing the human connection: A rapid appraisal of healthcare workers' perceptions and experiences of providing palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Palliative …, journals.sagepub.com, doi:10.1177/02692163211004228, cited by 50 (16.67 per year)

MF Simanjorang, A Saragih, T Zein (2023) Appraisal on Editorial Texts Related To Covid-19 in Newspaper in Dairi. Britain International of …, biarjournal.com

Z Ye (2021) Comparing the distributions of attitudinal resources of news discourses on London and Wuhan lockdown during COVID-19 outbreak based on Appraisal Theory. Proceedings of IConSES, istes.org, cited by 2 (0.67 per year)

H Hubbard (2008) 'Treating officials with kid gloves?'An appraisal of government in two South African television news programmes. Language matters, Taylor &Francis, doi:10.1080/10228190802579668, cited by 8 (0.50 per year)

F Luthfi (2018) Attitude in Forbes website news articles: An appraisal analysis., repositori.usu.ac.id, cited by 5 (0.83 per year)

J Dijkstra, JA Khan (2002) virology division news: The current naming of plant viruses: a critical appraisal. Archives of virology, Springer, doi:10.1007/s007050200051, cited by 8 (0.36 per year)

L Pan, C Huang (2020) Stance mediation in media translation of political speeches: An analytical model of appraisal and framing in news discourse. Advances in discourse analysis of translation …, taylorfrancis.com, doi:10.4324/9780367822446-11, cited by 5 (1.25 per year)

N Asher, F Benamara, YY Mathieu (2009) Appraisal of opinion expressions in discourse. Lingvisticæ Investigationes, jbe-platform.com, doi:10.1075/li.32.2.10ash, cited by 122 (8.13 per year)

V Maliwanag (1983) The flow of world news: an appraisal. Media Asia, Taylor &Francis, doi:10.1080/01296612.1983.11726099, cited by 4 (0.10 per year)

X Huang (2020) An analysis of the APEC news in Washington Post from the perspective of engagement system based on appraisal theory. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, academypublication.com, cited by 3 (0.75 per year)

CR Stewart (2023) Appraisal rights and corporate disclosure during mergers and acquisitions. Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, cited by 9 (9.00 per year)

K Namawe (2020) A comparative appraisal analysis of political news in The Namibia and New Era newspapers from 2015 to 2018., repository.unam.edu.na, cited by 1 (0.25 per year)

D Xiaoping (2022) AUDIENCE APPRAISAL. The Performative State: Public Scrutiny and …, Cornell University Press

P Van Mieghem (2011) Human psychology of common appraisal: The Reddit score. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, ieeexplore.ieee.org, cited by 51 (3.92 per year)

M Wei (2017) A Comparative Study of Appraisal in News Discourse in China and the United States: The Case of Reports on Educational Equity.. Linguistics Journal, fac.ksu.edu.sa, cited by 4 (0.57 per year)

A Firdaus, M Shartika (2021) Interpersonal metadiscourse markers and appraisal portrayed in BBC'S corona virus news report., repository.uin-malang.ac.id, cited by 3 (1.00 per year)

Y Thahara (2019) Trick of Political Identity: Analyzing Appraisal System on 212 Movement Reunion in Online Media. Register, repository.unars.ac.id, cited by 7 (1.40 per year)

D Yermack (2015) Is Bitcoin a real currency? An economic appraisal. Handbook of digital currency, Elsevier, cited by 1899 (211.00 per year)

M van Driel (2021) Evaluating news events: using appraisal for reader response. Style and Reader Response, jbe-platform.com, cited by 2 (0.67 per year)

PR White (1998) Telling media tales: The news story as rhetoric., researchgate.net, cited by 635 (24.42 per year)

B Townley (1999) Practical reason and performance appraisal. Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Online Library, doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00137, cited by 127 (5.08 per year)

OC Onyije (2015) Effect of performance appraisal on employee productivity in a Nigerian University. Journal of economics and business research, ceeol.com, cited by 50 (5.56 per year)

GS Geis (2011) An appraisal puzzle. Nw. UL Rev., HeinOnline, cited by 61 (4.69 per year)

KK Nathan (1998) Droughts in Tamil Nadu: A qualitative and quantitative appraisal. Drought Network News (1994-2001), digitalcommons.unl.edu, cited by 18 (0.69 per year)

A Pusparini, D Djatmika, ... (2017) Analisis sistem appraisal berita proses eksekusi Duo Bali Nine (pendekatan linguistik sistemik fungsional). … : Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa …, journal.unesa.ac.id, cited by 29 (4.14 per year)

A Pahayahay, N Khalili-Mahani (2020) … helps, what media hurts: a mixed methods survey study of coping with COVID-19 using the media repertoire framework and the appraisal theory of stress. Journal of medical Internet research, jmir.org, cited by 152 (38.00 per year)

F Indriyani, S Widyastuti (2023) Attitude Realization in Omicron News Reporting: Appraisal in Critical Discourse Analysis. k@ ta, research.petra.ac.id

D Grote (2002) Performance appraisal. Executive Excellence, groteconsulting.com, cited by 38 (1.73 per year)

B Thomass (2019) Economic inequality, appraisal of the EU and news media., diva-portal.org, cited by 2 (0.40 per year)

AY Yuliyanti (2023) Appraisal System on Twitter: An Attitudinal Analysis Toward Alleged Islamic Blasphemy Case of M Kece. Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, ojs.badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id, cited by 2 (2.00 per year)

C Coffin, K O'halloran (2005) Finding the global groove: Theorising and analysing dynamic reader positioning using APPRAISAL, corpus, and a concordancer. Critical Discourse Studies, Taylor &Francis, doi:10.1080/17405900500283607, cited by 94 (4.95 per year)

CJ Nwasum, J Ogbodo, JN Chukwu, ... (2023) One Human, Unequal Gender: A Critical Appraisal of Women and News Creation in Nigeria. Women and the …, intellectdiscover.com

V Amos, AB Joseph (2023) Media ownership and news coverage: A critical appraisal of private media organisation. Journal of Language and Pragmatics …, jurnal.ympn2.or.id

DE Eshett (2014) Influence of New Media on Gate-keeping in Television News Presentation: An Appraisal of the New Media Theory. Journal of Communication and Culture, icidr.org, cited by 2 (0.20 per year)

M Bruder, A Fischer, ASR Manstead (2014) Social appraisal as a cause of collective emotions. Collective emotions, researchgate.net, cited by 80 (8.00 per year)

M Dong, M Gao (2022) Appraisal as co-selection and media performativity: 5G technology imaged in German news discourse. Text &Talk, degruyter.com, doi:10.1515/text-2020-0012, cited by 1 (0.50 per year)

M Lövheim (2011) Mediatisation of religion: A critical appraisal. Culture and Religion, Taylor &Francis, doi:10.1080/14755610.2011.579738, cited by 183 (14.08 per year)

GR Tajvidi, SH Arjani (2017) Appraisal theory in translation studies: An introduction and review of studies of evaluation in translation. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, rals.scu.ac.ir, cited by 64 (9.14 per year)

X Li (2016) An attitudinal analysis of English song discourse from the perspective of appraisal theory. Journal of language teaching and research, academypublication.com, cited by 43 (5.38 per year)

BR McLane (2004) Reporting from the sandstorm: an appraisal of embedding. The US Army War College Quarterly …, press.armywarcollege.edu, cited by 39 (1.95 per year)

RC Grote (1996) The complete guide to performance appraisal., Amacom, cited by 367 (13.11 per year)

W Ascher, W Ascher (1978) Forecasting: An appraisal for policy-makers and planners., ojp.gov, cited by 899 (19.54 per year)

SA Taha, K Matheson, H Anisman (2014) H1N1 was not all that scary: uncertainty and stressor appraisals predict anxiety related to a coming viral threat. Stress and health, Wiley Online Library, doi:10.1002/smi.2505, cited by 155 (15.50 per year)

SM Stevens, K Jansson, C Xiao, M Klingstedt, D Grüner, ... (2009) An appraisal of high resolution scanning electron microscopy applied to porous materials. JEOL news, diva-portal.org, cited by 31 (2.07 per year)

J Nalbandian (1981) Performance appraisal: If only people were not involved. Public Administration Review, JSTOR, cited by 81 (1.88 per year)

N Spinks, B Wells, M Meche (1999) Appraising the appraisals: Computerized performance appraisal systems. Career Development International, emerald.com, doi:10.1108/13620439910254713, cited by 78 (3.12 per year)

L Mugumya, M Visser (2015) Reporting land conflict in Uganda: A genre and appraisal theoretical analysis of Runyankore-Rukiga newspaper reports. International Journal of Language and …, jbe-platform.com, doi:10.1075/ijolc.2.1.05mug, cited by 5 (0.56 per year)

K Mercer, KD Weaver, R Figueiredo, ... (2020) Critical appraisal: The key to unlocking information literacy in the STEM disciplines. … Research Libraries News, crln.acrl.org, cited by 18 (4.50 per year)

F Qiao, K Jiang (2021) Attitudes towards global warming on twitter: A hedonometer-appraisal analysis. Journal of Global Information Management (JGIM), igi-global.com, cited by 10 (3.33 per year)

L Pan, C Huang (2020) An analytical model of appraisal and framing in news discourse. Advances in Discourse Analysis of Translation …, books.google.com

AM Capron, LR Kass (1972) A statutory definition of the standards for determining human death: An appraisal and a proposal. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, JSTOR, cited by 400 (7.69 per year)

ES Asemah, LON Edegoh (2012) Social media and insecurity in Nigeria: a critical appraisal. Being a paper …, professorezekielasemah.com, cited by 94 (7.83 per year)

FG Paleari, M Pivetti, D Galati, ... (2021) Hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being during the COVID‐19 lockdown in Italy: The role of stigma and appraisals. British Journal of Health …, Wiley Online Library, doi:10.1111/bjhp.12508, cited by 41 (13.67 per year)

F Banda (2007) An appraisal of the applicability of development journalism in the context of public service broadcasting (PSB). Communicatio, Citeseer, cited by 67 (3.94 per year)

RA Smith, X Zhu, EL Fink (2019) Understanding the effects of stigma messages: Danger appraisal and message judgments. Health Communication, Taylor &Francis, doi:10.1080/10410236.2017.1405487, cited by 39 (7.80 per year)

JT Ptacek, TL Eberhardt (1996) Breaking bad news: a review of the literature. Jama, jamanetwork.com, cited by 1001 (35.75 per year)

A Rungswang, P Jimarkon (2023) … News Writers' Engagement in Reporting Gender-based Contents towards Female and LGBTQ Politicians of Thai Political Discourse in Press: An Appraisal Analysis. วารสาร นวัตกรรม การ ศึกษา และ การ, so03.tci-thaijo.org

AC Giovanopoulos (2002) Alsatian Eccentricities: An Initial Appraisal of a Nineteenth-Century Collection of Eighteenth-Century News on Crime. Sites of Discourse–Public and Private Spheres …, brill.com, cited by 1 (0.05 per year)

T Oteíza (2017) The appraisal framework and discourse analysis. The Routledge handbook of systemic functional …, books.google.com, cited by 171 (24.43 per year)

서주희 (2012) Shifts of attitudinal meaning in English-Korean news translation on the basis of appraisal theory. 새한영어영문학, dbpia.co.kr, cited by 1 (0.08 per year)

NM Nwabuzor, CV Gever (2015) Who Makes the News? An Appraisal of Broadcast Media Sensitivity to Gender Balance in Nigeria. Ibadan Journal of Gender Studies, academia.edu, cited by 2 (0.22 per year)

N Danielson, A De Luca (2023) Topics and Attitudes in COVID-19 Online News Comments about Italy and Sweden. Appraisal Framework applied to Corpus-Assisted Discourse Analysis., gupea.ub.gu.se

RG Nairn, JH Coverdale (2005) People never see us living well: an appraisal of the personal stories about mental illness in a prospective print media sample. Australian &New Zealand …, journals.sagepub.com, doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01566.x, cited by 133 (7.00 per year)

Z Lu (2023) Discourse Analysis of “Fukushima Nuclear-contaminated Water” News Reports from the Perspective of Attitude in Appraisal Theory. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and …, al-kindipublisher.com

A Luporini (2021) Metaphor, Nominalization, Appraisal: Analyzing Coronavirus-Related Headlines and Subheadings in China Daily and The Wall Street Journal.. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, journalarticle.ukm.my, cited by 17 (5.67 per year)

DE Mackenzie (1983) Research for school improvement: An appraisal of some recent trends. Educational researcher, journals.sagepub.com, doi:10.3102/0013189X012004005, cited by 541 (13.20 per year)

M Patel, P Bhardwaj, D Saxena, N Joshi, ... (2021) Public Health News Appraisal: An Approach to Content Analysis of News Article on Public Health. Annals of the …, thieme-connect.com, doi:10.1055/s-0041-1730126

P Clara Ertyas (2011) An Appraisal Analysis of Gossip News Texts Written By Perez Hilton From Perezhilton. com (A Study Based on Systemic Functional Linguistics)(Doctoral …., core.ac.uk, cited by 2 (0.15 per year)

R Bhavsar, S Zachariah, D Thomas, ... (2012) Evaluation and appraisal of drug information services in a rural secondary level care hospital, Anantapur, AP. Journal of pharmacy & …, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, cited by 16 (1.33 per year)

D Metasari (2013) Appraisal System in the Jakarta Post's Editorial “Start Working, Jokowi.”. Undergraduate. Dian Nuswantoro University …, core.ac.uk, cited by 6 (0.55 per year)

HW Morgan (1963) The DeLome Letter: A New Appraisal. The Historian, JSTOR, cited by 9 (0.15 per year)

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THE FUNCTION OF MORPHEME AND LEXEME IN ENGLISH SYNTAX

 Compiled by Febina Lu' lu' Ilmuna-English Edu-UIN Salatiga



      In English syntax, morphemes and lexemes are two different concepts that play an important role in the structure and meaning of words. A morpheme is the smallest unit of a word that carries meaning and can be either a free morpheme (e.g., "book") or a bound morpheme (e.g., "un-" or "-ed"). On the other hand, a lexeme is the set of all the inflected forms of a single word (e.g., "run" for "run, runs, running, ran"). Morphemes are the basic unit of morphology, while lexemes are the basic unit of the lexicon. Syntax, on the other hand, refers to the set of rules by which a person constructs full sentences. Morphemes and lexemes are fundamental concepts in linguistics, particularly in the study of morphology and word formation. A morpheme can be a word unit or an affix, while a lexeme encompasses all the different forms of a word. Understanding these concepts is essential for analyzing the structure of language and how words are formed and used in sentences. A morpheme is the smallest unit of a word that provides a specific meaning to a string of letters (which is called a phoneme). There are two main types of morphemes: free morphemes and bound morphemes. A lexeme is the set of all the inflected forms of a single word.

-> Morphemes, the basic unit of morphology, are the smallest meaningful unit of language. Thus, a morpheme is a series of phonemes that has a special meaning. If a morpheme is altered in any way, the entire meaning of the word can be changed. Some morphemes are individual words (such as “eat” or “water”). These are known as free morphemes because they can exist on their own. Other morphemes are prefixes, suffixes, or other linguistic pieces that aren’t full words on their own but do affect meaning (such as the “-s” at the end of “cats” or the “re-” at the beginning of “redo.”) Because these morphemes must be attached to another word to have meaning, they are called bound morphemes.

Within the category of bound morphemes, there are two additional subtypes: derivational and inflectional. Derivational morphemes change the meaning or part of speech of a word when they are used together. For example, the word “sad” changes from an adjective to a noun when “-ness” (sadness) is added to it. “Action” changes in meaning when the morpheme “re-” is added to it, creating the word “reaction.” Inflectional morphemes modify either the tense of a verb or the number value of a noun; for example, when you add an “-s” to “cat,” the number of cats changes from one to more than one.

A "morpheme" is a short segment of language that meets three basic criteria:

1. It is a word or a part of a word that has meaning.

2. It cannot be divided into smaller meaningful segments without changing its meaning or leaving a meaningless remainder.

3. It has relatively the same stable meaning in different verbal environments.

There are two types of morphemes-free morphemes and bound morphemes.  "Free morphemes" can stand alone with a specific meaning, for example, eat, date, weak. "Bound morphemes" cannot stand alone with meaning. Morphemes are comprised of two separate classes called (a) bases (or roots) and (b) affixes.

A "base," or "root" is a morpheme in a word that gives the word its principle meaning. An example of a "free base" morpheme is woman in the word womanly. An example of a "bound base" morpheme is -sent in the word dissent.

Affixes

An "affix" is a bound morpheme that occurs before or after a base. An affix that comes before a base is called a "prefix." Some examples of prefixes are ante-, pre-, un-, and dis-, as in the following words:

antedate

prehistoric

unhealthy

disregard

An affix that comes after a base is called a "suffix." Some examples of suffixes are -ly, -er, -ism, and -ness, as in the following words:

happily

gardener

capitalism

kindness

1. Free Morphemes:

    • Can stand alone with a specific meaning, such as "eat," "date," or "weak"

    • Can be further divided into lexical morphemes (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.) and derivational morphemes (words that make new words of a different grammatical category from a stem).

2. Bound Morphemes:

    • Cannot stand alone with meaning.

• Can be divided into bases (or roots) and affixes.

        • Bases or roots give the word its principal meaning, such as "woman" in "womanly"

        • Affixes are bound morphemes that occur before or after a base, such as prefixes (e.g., "ante-, pre-, un-, dis-") or suffixes (e.g., "-s" for noun plural, "-'s" for noun possessive, "-s" for verb present tense third person singular, etc.)

Morphemes play essential roles in English syntax, as they help to form words and convey meaning. They can be used to create new words and modify the grammatical function of existing words, allowing for the expansion and flexibility of the language.

-> Lexeme, In English syntax, a lexeme is a unit of lexical meaning that underlies a set of words related through inflection. It is the fundamental unit of the lexicon (or word stock) of a language and serves as the main parts of speech that convey meaning, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and so on. Lexemes are minimal units of language with distinctive meanings and are often called word stems. Lexemes are minimal units of language with distinctive meanings and are often called word stems. It is the abstract form of a word that includes all its inflected forms and variations. For example, the word "walk" is a lexeme that includes variations such as "walks," "walked," and "walking." In linguistics, lexemes are used to study the ways in which words are related to one another and how they function in sentences. By analyzing lexemes, linguists can gain insights into the structure and meaning of language.

Variable lexemes are word-sized lexical items that may have two or more forms. The following are ways to inflect words belonging to various syntactic categories.

• Nouns can change in number (bird, birds)

• Verbs can change in tense or number (shape, shapes, shaped, shaping)

• Adjectives can change in degree (big, bigger, biggest)

• Adverbs can change in degree (good, better, best)

• Pronouns can change in case (you, your, yours)

There are two types of Lexeme:

• Variable Lexemes are word-sized lexical items that may have two or more forms.

• invariable Lexemes only have one word corresponding to a particular meaning.

The function of lexemes is to communicate concepts. They are the main parts of speech that convey meaning, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and so on.

The function of lexemes in English syntax can be summarized as follows:

        1. Conveying meaning: Lexemes are responsible for communicating concepts and carrying the significance of a word.

        2. Inflectional paradigm: Lexemes often have many different forms, known as an inflectional paradigm, which are governed by rules of grammar. For example, the lexeme "run" has a present third person singular form "runs," a present non-third-person singular form "run," and a past participle "ran".

3. Morphological analysis: Lexemes are often composed of smaller units with individual meanings called morphemes, according to root morphemes, derivational morphemes, and suffixes (not necessarily in that order).

4. Syntactic structure: Lexemes play a crucial role in the syntactic structure of sentences, as they are the main components that convey meaning and function within the sentence.

A lexeme is a fundamental unit of the lexicon of a language that belongs to a particular syntactic category, carries a particular meaning, and in most cases, has corresponding inflectional versions of itself. Example:

Lexeme: park

Syntactic category: noun

Meaning: an outdoor recreational space.

Inflectional versions: parks, park’s, parks’

This word park is a lexeme that might be confused with another lexeme; its homonym park.

Lexeme: park

Syntactic category: verb

Meaning: to bring a vehicle to a temporary stop

Inflectional versions: parks, parked, parking

Although these two words sound and are spelled the same, they are two distinct lexemes because their meanings are different. Due to the difference in syntactic category—one is a verb, and one is a noun—the corresponding inflections also vary.

In conclusion, understanding morphemes and lexemes is very important in English syntax to reveal the cause and effect of word structure and meaning. Morphemes, as the smallest units of meaning, play a role in word formation through prefixes, roots and suffixes. Lexemes, on the other hand, represent groups of words that have the same meaning and provide insight into the relationships between different word forms. This linguistic concept makes language analysis more in-depth, helping understanding and enriching sentences in the broader context of English syntax.

LIST OF REFERENCES:

https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Book%3A_Child_Development_(Lumen)/08%3A_Module_6-_Language_Development/8.03%3A_The_Structure_of_Language

https://study.com/academy/lesson/morphemes-examples-definition-types.html

https://www.rit.edu/ntid/sea/processes/wordknowledge/grammatical/whatare

https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/english/morphology/lexeme/