“THE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF CODE MIXING IN FACEBOOK” Written by Debby
“Akatsuki” Mediyanthi (STAIN Salatiga, Central Java)
In this chapter, the researcher
going to present the result of research of code mixing; after identifying the
Indonesian – English code mixing used in social networking Facebook.
Further, the researcher scrutinizes
data. She only chooses the data which belong to Indonesian – English code
mixing. Before analyzing the data, it is necessary to reaffirm that not all the
data will be analyzed. The data which will be taken into account are those
frequently used in social networking Facebook, and the data presented
bellow are arranged according to kinds of their classification.
Forms of Code Mixing
As having been mentioned above,
Suwito divides kinds of code mixing into six classifications; they are the
insertion of word, phrases, clauses, reduplications, hybrids and idiom. The
data classified as code mixing are written bold.
1. The Insertion of Words
One of code mixing comes into being
by inserting English Words into Indonesian utterances. Sometimes it happens
when Indonesian utterances contain different words from the other language
especially English. Then, the insertion of word can be classified into eight
groups; they are; the insertion of noun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction,
exclamation, and preposition.
a. Noun
In this study, the writer finds out
a lot of English nouns inserted in the broadcasters utterances. The pronunciation
of the nouns is the same as English pronunciation. The uttered noun are both
the abstract and the concrete ones. The abstract nouns inserted are as follows:
Emang udah hobby mo gimana lagi (1)
buat someone yang ngerasa udah gue kecewain (2)
Kalo udah punya image
jelek memang susah ...(3)
Babe, maafin aku yaahh (4)
Pengen nonton film
baru yang bagus apa ya (5)
Waow habis dapet discount gedhe-gedhean (6)
Pengen fitness nieh say (7)
Kasih tips ngilangin
kebiasaan malez dunk (8)
Thanks buat someone yang udah ngasih hadiah tadi (9)
Hemmbb enaknyo habis pedicure (10)
Delay satu hari (11)
Akankah Team Thomas pulang lebih awal. Haduh (12)
Based on the classification of the
data, the researcher finds out the forms of abstract nouns as Okay, Point,
Stress, Tips, Fitness, Thanks, Image, Rock, Pop, Hobby, Delay, Discount, Off,
Menicure, Fans, Pedicure, Break and Screaming. Meanwhile, the concrete
nouns are as someone, fans, film, band, babe, stock, hero, voucher,
telephone, group, miss, games, and personal.
b.
Adjective
Although Indonesian language has
many adjective, the user Facebook tend to use English adjectives as well
as reflected in the following examples:
Butuh ide yang fresh
nihhhh buat ngerjain tugas..(13)
Woowww bisa nyaksiin Suju live selama 2 jam penuh…(14)
Gak puas..kurang expressive (15)
Pertunjukannya indoor kok (16)
Hai, gimana kabar? Online
pakai apa? (17)
In this study, the adjectives
inserted are sorry, special, refreshing, fresh, on, live, online, smart,
cool, expressive, and indoor.
c. Verb
Here are several verbs inserted into
sentences by the FB users :
Sapa sih nih ngajakin chating mulu
dari kemaren? (18)
Beraninya misscalled
doank..huhuuu (19)
Ketemuan yuk say..pengen sharing
nie (21)
The english verbs cover V-ing
(chating,sharing) and V-3 (misscalled).
d.Conjunction
Conjunction is one of parts of
speech which have function to connect one element to the other in a sentence
construction. How they English conjunction is shown in the following examples :
So, gue harus peduli??(22)
Hemmbb enaknyo habis pedicure and manicure. (23)
e.Pronoun
There are many kinds of pronouns in
Indonesia, but the FB users use English pronouns in their status, chatting or
video call. Below are the sentences containing English pronouns:
Whatever loe mau ngapain..bukan urusan gue
lagi!! (24)
Saya fikir everybody punya pandangan yang…(25)
f. Preposition
Preposition is a word that is often
placed before a noun or pronoun to show place, direction etc. The FB users use
English preposition in order to make her speeches more interesting and have
more variation. Here is only one example that the researcher finds out:
Lupakan sejenak semua kepenatan with
vicka SSIII anag cemmutt, Lina nagh bapagke, dan Litta sii pipi embemb.(26).
2. The Insertion of
Phrases
Dealing with the theory that the
researcher has mentioned in previous chapter it is divided that phrase is a
group of two or more related to words which are dependent upon others.
Basically, phrase can divided into five, they are: noun phrase, adjective
phrase, verbal phrase (participial phrase, gerund phrase, and infinitive
phrase), adverbial phrase, and prepositional phrase. In this research the
researcher only finds three types of phrases, they are: noun phrase, adverbial
phrase, and prepositional phrase. Each type along with is examples will be
elaborated in the following discussion:
a. Noun Phrase
Noun phrase is used in a sentence as
subject or an object. This noun phrase is found in many forms. The examples of
noun phrase insertions are:
Pengen yang something different dari yang laen (27)
Eh tau gak kenapa Dion dijuluki King of Glasses? (28)
Abis ketemu my soulmate senengnya (29)
The component of noun phrase consist
of:
1. Pronoun (modifier) + Noun (Head)
Examples: My darling, my
soulmate, my boy
2. Determiner (modifier) + Noun
(Head)
Example: The gang
3. Noun (Head) + Adjective
(Modifier)
Example: Something different
4.Adjective (modifier) + Noun phrase
(Head)
Example: All my friends
5. Noun (Head) + Prepositional
phrase (modifier)
Examples : King of Glasses, story behind the song, thanks for
listening
b. Adverbial Phrase
Adverbial phrase is a phrase, which
is used to modify a verb, and adjective or adverb. The following is the example
of adverbial phrase insertion:
Still with me ya mi, janji ya kita akan selalu bersama (30)
The component of adverbial phrase is
:
Adverb (Head) + prepositional phrase
(modifier)
Example: Still with me
c. Prepositional Phrase
Prepositional phrase is a group of
related words opened by a preposition and ended by noun or pronoun object. The
following is the example that writer finds in the research field:
Ya, in five, six, seven, and ten
(31)
The component of prepositional
phrase is:
Preposition (Head) + Noun phrase
(modifier)
Example : In five, six, seven,
and ten
3. The Insertion of
Hybrids
Hybrids are another type of
Indonesian – English code mixing that occurs in this research. Hornby states
that Hybrid is the composed parts of words. Hybrid can be classified into two types;
they are hybrid of affixation and hybrid of phrase.
a.
Hybrid of Affixation
This type is formed from two components;
they are Indonesian affixes and English word. This kind of hybrid must contain
English and Indonesian elements in order to form transformational word. Next
the researcher classifies the affixation into three: Indonesian prefixes
English, English word + Indonesian suffixes, and Indonesian prefixes + English
word + non-standard Indonesian suffixes. For example:
1) Indonesian prefixes + English word
2) English word + Indonesian suffixes
3) Indonesian prefixes + English word +
Sundanese / Betawi suffixes
Indonesian prefixes cover nge-, me-,
meng-, and di-. While Indonesian suffixes include –nya, and an. Then, the non standard
suffix is as-in. The construction below shows the elaboration of affixation
prosess. Examples :
Denger lagunya lagunya LMFAO jadi pengen nge-dance suffle
(32)
Penyanyinya tadi nge-rock abisss..cadasss (33)
Hobi kok me-misscalled orang...(34)
Haduwwhh ibu-ibu sedang meng-gossip di depan rumah.. nguping
ahh.. hahaaay (35)
Siapa yang akan menghandle pekerjaan ayahku??
Duhh yang abis di-transfer...traktir dunk...(36)
Yang itu udah di-request woiii...(37)
For more detailed look at the fields
below:
Table 4.1. Hybrid of Affixation Indonesian prefixes
with English Word
|
Prefix +
|
Word +
|
Hybrid
|
|
Nge-
|
Dance
|
Ngedance
|
|
Nge-
|
Rock
|
Ngerock
|
|
Me-
|
Misscalled
|
Memisscalled
|
|
MeN-
|
Gossip
|
Menggossip
|
|
Meng-
|
Handle
|
Menghandle
|
|
Di-
|
Transfer
|
Ditransfer
|
|
Di-
|
Request
|
Direquest
|
From the above analysis above, the researcher
finds that Indonesian prefixes : Nge-, Me-, Meng-, and Di-, can be blended into English words,
especially the prefixes : nge- in nge-dance and nge-in nge-rock, meng- in menggossip,
and di- in di-off. The prefixes change the English noun dance into hybrid verb
nge-dance,meng-gossip and di-off. While the four other types, me-misscalled,
meng-handle, di-transfer, and di-request have same class as the original form
that is verb.
Example of Hybrid Affixation English
word with Indonesian Suffixes:
Makasih ya buat telephone-nya... udah sedikit ngobatin
kangen.. (38)
Lembar exercise-nya jangan sampai hilang hlo!(39)
Ntar ada session-nya sendiri kok.(40)
Woyy copy-an gwe dimana wooyy???(41)
Personnel-nya suju tinggal 10 ya...(42)
See more detail of the example on
this table:
Table 4.2. Hybrid of Affixation
English Word with Indonesian Suffixes
|
Word+
|
Suffix +
|
Hybrid
|
|
Telephone
|
-nya
|
Telephonenya
|
|
Exercise
|
-nya
|
Exercisenya
|
|
Session
|
-nya
|
Sessionnya
|
|
Copy
|
-an
|
Copyan
|
|
Personnel
|
-nya
|
Personnelnya
|
The analysis above shows that the
combination between English words with Indonesian suffixes does not change the
class of word. For instance, the English word telephone and the hybrid
telephone-nya have similar class that is noun. So, in here the use of
Indonesian suffixes. Example –nya, and –an function as possesive adjective in
the English word.
b. Hybrid of Phrase
Hybrid of phrase is a phrase which
contains English and Indonesian words. Both the two words can function as head
(H) or modifier (M) or the phrase. Usually, this kind of hybrid still uses Indonesian
grammatical rule.
Sorry banget ya sudah ngerepotin kamu (44)
Thanks banget yang udah ngucapin met…(45)
Seneng dikasih edisi live
sama si dia (46)
Lihat album reuni tahun lalu jadi pengen lagi..(47)
In order to make the analysis
clearer, the researcher classifies the hybrid of phrase as the following :
a) English word as the head of phrase
Table 4.4. Hybrid of Phrase (English
(H)-Indonesian (M)
|
Thanks (H)
|
Banget (M)
|
|
Ready (H)
|
Banget (M)
|
|
Album (H)
|
Reuni (M)
|
|
Sorry (H)
|
Banget (M)
|
b)
Indonesian word as the head of
phrase
4. The Insertion of
Clauses
The writer divided kinds of clause
used by the FB users into two types, they are : Independent clauses, and
Dependent clause.
1) Independent Clause
Example : I just want to say I
miss you...bener-bener pengen ketemu kamu.(51)
2) Dependent Clause
Example : Heyyy where are you
going?? Tadi aku panggil-panggil gak denger?! (52)
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