Janet Holmet -Sociolinguistics

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theory of 8 speech function in sociolinguistics by janet holmes

Functions of Speech

1- Referential function: to convey information and this is done through different forms of speech, such as declarative or interrogative statements.

- Declarative statements (After this semester, I'm going to visit London)
- Interrogative statements using Wh-questions (what is your name?)
- Interrogative statements using yes/no questions (do like London?)
- Alternative questions with answer choices (do like tea or coffee?)

2- Directive function: giving orders or making requests by using imperative statements. An imperative statements may express a strict demand such as saying (open the door) or it can seem less demanding by using the politeness strategy such as saying (open the door, please) or through using question tags in the case of informality between mother and son (Max the TV is still on!)

3- Expressive function: to express personal feelings, thoughts, ideas and opinions, with different choice words, intonation, etc. These expressions are submissive to social factors and to the nature of the expression as negative (I'm very gloomy tonight) or positive (I'm feeling very good today).

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IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL BY USING ROLE PLAY (AN ACTION RESEARCH

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL BY USING ROLE PLAY (AN ACTION RESEARCH AT THE TENTH YEAR OF SMA N 1 GEMOLONG IN 2010/2011 ACADEMIC YEAR)

YUANITA, DYAH NINDYA (2011) IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL BY USING ROLE PLAY (AN ACTION RESEARCH AT THE TENTH YEAR OF SMA N 1 GEMOLONG IN 2010/2011 ACADEMIC YEAR). Skripsi thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

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Improving the Students’ Speaking Ability through Role-Playing Technique

Improving the Students’ Speaking Ability through Role-Playing Technique

By: Chothibul Umam[1]

Abstrak

Berdasarkan observasi pendahuluan, penulis menemukan beberapa masalah terkait dengan aktivitas pembelajaran bahasa Inggris di Madrasah Aliyah Sunan Drajat Sugio-Lamongan. Masalah-masalah tersebut adalah rendahnya kemampuan berbicara siswa, rendahnya motivasi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris, dan penggunaan teknik yang monoton dan tidak tepat oleh guru. Oleh karena itu, peneliti termotivasi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan cara menerapkan teknik bermain peran dalam pengajaran ketrampilan berbicara.

The Effectiveness of Extensive Reading Activity in Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension : An Experimental Study of the Eleventh Grade Students at a Private SMA in Bandung

Penulis	NURHAYATI
Judul	A Paper The Effectiveness of Extensive Reading Activity in Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension : An Experimental Study of the Eleventh Grade Students at a Private SMA in Bandung
Abstrak	The title of this study is ‘The Effectiveness of Extensive Reading Activity in Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension’. This study was aimed to find out the effectiveness of extensive reading in improving students’ reading comprehension. This study which was conducted at a private SMA in Bandung employed quasi experimental method. Pre-test, treatment, and post-test served as the research design in this study. In this case the eleventh grade students in class XI B and XI C became the sample of this study. Reading comprehension test and questionnaire were used as the research instruments. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and interpreted in descriptive way.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTENSIVE READING ACTIVITY IN INCREASING READING COMPREHENSION AND READING SPEED OF ENGLISH TEXTS

ABSTRACT

 Busthomi, Nanang Rohmat, 2009.

The Effectiveness of Extensive Reading Activity in Increasing Reading Comprehension and Reading Speed of English Text in the Ninth Grade Students of MTs Negeri Pamekasan 1.

Key words: extensive reading activity, reading comprehension, reading speed.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of extensive reading activity in increasing reading comprehension and reading speed. The major questions to be answered were:

(1) "Do the ninth grade students of MTs Negeri Pamekasan 1 who are given additional extensive reading activity achieve higher reading comprehension compared to the students who are not given additional extensive reading activity?"

(2) "Do the ninth grade students of MTs Negeri Pamekasan 1 who are given additional extensive reading activity achieve higher reading speed compared to the students who are not given additional extensive reading activity?"