FINITE VS NON FINITE VERBS

Finite Verbs

A finite verb is a verb that shows:

• tense (past, present, future),
• person (I, you, he, they),
• and number (singular or plural).

A finite verb can work as the main verb of a sentence because it gives complete grammatical information.

Examples of Finite Verbs

• She writes every day.
• They played football yesterday.
• I am studying now.

In these examples:

• writes = present tense, singular subject (she)
• played = past tense
• am studying = present continuous tense

Analysis

Finite verbs change form depending on time and subject:

• He runs.
• They run.

The verb changes from runs to run because the subject changes.

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Non-Finite Verbs

A non-finite verb does not show tense or agreement with the subject directly. Non-finite verbs cannot usually stand alone as the main verb in a sentence.

There are three common types of non-finite verbs:

1. Infinitives → to eat, to study
2. Gerunds → eating, studying
3. Participles → eaten, running

Examples of Non-Finite Verbs

• She wants to travel.
• Swimming is good exercise.
• Broken windows were everywhere.

13 AI Tools Wajib untuk Menembus Publikasi Jurnal Internasional: Cara Cepat Menemukan Research Gap dan Novelty di Era AI

 

Di era kecerdasan buatan, proses mencari referensi, menemukan research gap, menulis artikel ilmiah, hingga memilih jurnal target kini dapat dilakukan lebih cepat dan sistematis. Berikut kumpulan platform AI dan tools akademik terbaik yang sangat membantu mahasiswa, dosen, peneliti, maupun penulis jurnal internasional.

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1. AI Research Assistants: Mesin Pencari dan Asisten Riset Akademik

ChatGPT (OpenAI)

https://www.chatgpt.com

AI multifungsi untuk brainstorming topik penelitian, membuat pertanyaan penelitian, menyusun paragraf akademik, merangkum artikel, menerjemahkan teks ilmiah, hingga membantu coding dan desain web akademik.

Perplexity AI

https://www.perplexity.ai

Berfungsi seperti kombinasi Google Scholar dan AI chatbot. Sangat efektif untuk mencari jawaban berbasis referensi ilmiah lengkap dengan sumber kutipan dari jurnal maupun website akademik terpercaya.

Elicit

https://www.elicit.com

Salah satu AI research assistant terbaik untuk literature review. Dapat mencari artikel berdasarkan kata kunci, problem statement, abstrak, jumlah sitasi, nama penulis, hingga tautan full text.

Consensus

https://www.consensus.app

Mesin pencari akademik berbasis AI yang menelusuri jutaan artikel ilmiah dan menyajikan ringkasan penelitian secara cepat. Cocok untuk mempercepat tinjauan pustaka dan menemukan konsensus ilmiah.

SciSpace

https://www.scispace.com

Platform riset lengkap yang menggabungkan pencarian artikel, pembacaan PDF jurnal, manajemen referensi, dan AI assistant dalam satu tempat.

DeepSeek AI

https://www.deepseek.com

Alternatif AI assistant yang dapat membantu penulisan akademik, pencarian informasi, dan eksplorasi ide penelitian dengan respons cepat.

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2. Tools Terbaik untuk Mencari Research Gap dan Novelty

Open Knowledge Maps

https://www.openknowledgemaps.org

Platform visualisasi penelitian berbentuk peta ilmiah. Lingkaran besar menunjukkan topik yang sudah banyak diteliti, sedangkan lingkaran kecil menunjukkan peluang research gap dan topik yang masih jarang dikaji.

Connected Papers

https://www.connectedpapers.com

Language Attitude in Sociolinguistics

 Language attitude is an important concept in sociolinguistics because it influences how individuals perceive, learn, and use language in society. Sociolinguists argue that people’s attitudes toward a language can affect their motivation in language learning and their interaction with speakers of other languages. One of the most influential theories concerning language attitude was developed by Robert C. Gardner and Wallace E. Lambert, who classified language attitudes into integrative and instrumental orientations. These two orientations explain the social and psychological reasons why people choose to learn a second language (Gardner & Lambert, 1972).

Integrative orientation refers to a learner’s desire to communicate with and become part of the target language community. Learners with integrative motivation are usually interested in the culture, traditions, and social life of native speakers. They learn the language not only for academic purposes but also to build social relationships and cultural understanding. According to Gardner and Lambert (1972), learners who possess strong integrative attitudes often achieve higher levels of language proficiency because they have a personal and emotional connection to the language. In multilingual societies, integrative attitudes can also promote tolerance, intercultural communication, and social harmony among different ethnic groups.

On the other hand, instrumental orientation emphasizes the practical benefits of language learning. Individuals with instrumental motivation study a language to gain advantages such as better employment opportunities, higher salaries, academic success, or social mobility. In many countries, English is learned primarily for instrumental reasons because it is considered an international language used in business, education, science, and technology. Ronald Wardhaugh explains that language often functions as a social resource that can improve an individual’s economic and professional status (Wardhaugh & Fuller, 2015). Therefore, instrumental attitudes are closely related to pragmatic and career-oriented goals.

9 alasan maju dan eksisnya warung madura di seluruh Indonesia

 

9 Alasan utama warung kelontong Madura bisa berkembang pesat dan punya banyak cabang di Indonesia adalah kombinasi antara etos kerja tinggi, jam operasional ekstrem, jaringan keluarga/perantau yang kuat, dan kemampuan menyesuaikan diri dengan kebutuhan masyarakat kecil.

Berikut faktor-faktor utamanya:

1. Buka sangat lama, bahkan 24 jam

   Ini adalah keunggulan paling terkenal. Saat minimarket modern tutup malam hari, warung Madura tetap buka dan melayani kebutuhan mendadak seperti rokok, mi instan, gas, kopi, atau token listrik.

2. Dekat dengan permukiman warga

   Warung Madura biasanya berada di gang, pinggir kos, kontrakan, atau dekat kampung sehingga lebih praktis dibanding harus pergi ke minimarket besar. Faktor kedekatan fisik membuat pelanggan loyal.

3. Budaya merantau orang Madura

   Banyak orang Madura merantau ke berbagai kota di Indonesia dan membuka usaha kelontong secara turun-temurun. Mereka saling membantu dalam modal, tempat usaha, hingga distribusi barang.

4. Etos kerja dan kerja keluarga

   Banyak warung dijaga bergantian oleh anggota keluarga sehingga biaya pegawai lebih rendah dan toko bisa buka terus. Sistem keluarga ini membuat operasional lebih efisien.

5. Fleksibel terhadap kondisi ekonomi pelanggan

   Warung Madura melayani pembelian eceran atau satuan, bahkan kadang memberi utang kecil kepada pelanggan tetap. Ini membuat masyarakat menengah bawah merasa lebih terbantu dibanding belanja di ritel modern.

6. Modal usaha relatif kecil tetapi mudah diperbanyak

   Model bisnisnya sederhana: sewa kios kecil, stok kebutuhan harian cepat laku, lalu keuntungan diputar untuk membuka cabang baru atau membantu keluarga lain membuka warung.

The morpho-phonemic processes

The morpho-phonemic processes with simple definitions and examples:

1) Assimilation

A sound becomes more like a neighboring sound in one or more features such as voicing, place, or manner of articulation.
Example: in- + possible → impossible. The /n/ changes to /m/ before the bilabial /p/.

2) Sandhi

A sound change that happens at a word boundary when words are pronounced together. It often involves linking, blending, or adjustment between neighboring words.
Example: in some English varieties, law and order may be pronounced with an extra linking sound, like lawr and order.

3) Dissimilation

One sound becomes less like another nearby sound, usually to avoid repetition or make pronunciation easier.
Example: library is often pronounced like li-bry in casual speech, where one /r/ is reduced or weakened to make the sounds less similar.

4) Haplology

A syllable or sound sequence is lost because two similar syllables occur next to each other.
Example: library is sometimes pronounced as libry. Another common textbook example is interestingly sometimes becoming intrestingly in rapid speech.

5) Metathesis

Two sounds switch position.
Example: ask pronounced as aks in some dialects. The /s/ and /k/ change order.

6) Addition

A sound is inserted into a word or form. This is also called epenthesis when a segment is added.
Example: athlete sometimes pronounced with an extra vowel sound, like ath-e-lete in careful or nonstandard speech.

7) Deletion

A sound is removed from a word. This is also called elision in many contexts.
Example: friendship may be spoken as frenship in fast speech, with /d/ deleted.

Simple comparison

• Assimilation: sounds become more alike.

• Dissimilation: sounds become less alike.

• Haplology: one of two similar syllables is dropped.

• Metathesis: sounds change order.

• Addition: a sound is inserted.

• Deletion: a sound is removed.

• Sandhi: sound change at word boundaries.