theory of 8 speech function in sociolinguistics by janet holmes

Functions of Speech

1- Referential function: to convey information and this is done through different forms of speech, such as declarative or interrogative statements.

- Declarative statements (After this semester, I'm going to visit London)
- Interrogative statements using Wh-questions (what is your name?)
- Interrogative statements using yes/no questions (do like London?)
- Alternative questions with answer choices (do like tea or coffee?)

2- Directive function: giving orders or making requests by using imperative statements. An imperative statements may express a strict demand such as saying (open the door) or it can seem less demanding by using the politeness strategy such as saying (open the door, please) or through using question tags in the case of informality between mother and son (Max the TV is still on!)

3- Expressive function: to express personal feelings, thoughts, ideas and opinions, with different choice words, intonation, etc. These expressions are submissive to social factors and to the nature of the expression as negative (I'm very gloomy tonight) or positive (I'm feeling very good today).

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IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL BY USING ROLE PLAY (AN ACTION RESEARCH AT THE TENTH YEAR OF SMA N 1 GEMOLONG IN 2010/2011 ACADEMIC YEAR)

YUANITA, DYAH NINDYA (2011) IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL BY USING ROLE PLAY (AN ACTION RESEARCH AT THE TENTH YEAR OF SMA N 1 GEMOLONG IN 2010/2011 ACADEMIC YEAR). Skripsi thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

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