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POEMS TAKEN FROM A HANDBOOK OF 2ND GRADE ISLAMIC PRIMARY SCHOOL OF INDIA
| A PRAYER ALLAH, we thank thee for the night And for the pleasant morning light. For rest and food and loving care, And all that makes the world so fair. Help us to do the things we should, To be to others kind and good. In all we do, in all we say, To grow more loving everyday |
| ALLAH Say, ALLAH is One, Like HIM there is none. No son or daughter has HE, Nor born to any is HE. All things bright and beautiful, All creatures so, so wonderful, All things, big and small, ALLAH alone made them all. |
DENOTATIVE AND CONNOTATIVE VIEW ON COMMERCIAL ADS SLOGAN
A. INTRODUCTION
The meaning of words in a language is related to their referents in the real world. At above words there are eleven words which will be elaborated each of its referent: LIFE, APPLE,WAS, MUCH, EASIER, WHEN, APPLE, AND, BLACKBERRY, WERE, JUST and FRUITS. Those words can be described as follows:
B. DISCUSSION:
A.
INTRALINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
NO
|
WORD
|
REFERENCE (IDEAS, THE CONCEPT)
|
1
|
Life
|
Inanimate, Abstract entity, condition
that distinguishes human beings, animals and plants from earth , rock, etc.
|
2
|
was
|
One of the Past tense to be, showing state
|
3
|
much
|
It is used for the uncountable
plural noun, similar to the word “many”
|
4
|
Easier
|
Not difficult, free from pain,
discomfort, anxiety, trouble etc.
|
5
|
when
|
Showing period or time something
happened.
|
6
|
Apple
|
Inanimate, one kind of fruit, its
shape is round, it has firm juicy flesh. Its skin is green, red or yellow
when the fruit is ripe.
|
7
|
and
|
A conjunction connecting words,
clauses and sentences
|
8
|
Blackberry
|
Inanimate, commonly found in
|
9
|
were
|
One of the past tense to be, showing
state
|
10
|
just
|
Used in
|
11
|
Fruits
|
Inanimate, collective pattern, parts
of a plant or tree. They contain the seeds. It is also used as food e.g.
Apples, bananas.
|
At
first there is a word of “Life”. This word as the part of message of that
slogan is given by human being aimed at the same kind of creature. So, the word
“Life” in this case refers to the life of human being in living their daily life.
Then it is stated that “Life was much easier” which means that human life in
the past time was assumed as “lesser difficulty or “much easier”. The life of
human being will be predictably easier if “Apple and Blacberry were just
fruits”. In this context the communicator try to propose a problem by
delivering a direct comparison between the entity of Apple and Blackberry as
the real fresh fruits and Apple and Blackberry as modern technological gadget
findings.
In
addition, the word “Apple” denotatively refers to a round fruit with firm juice
flesh a skin that is green, red and yellow when the fruit is ripe. In addition,
in the context of modern era the word “Apple” refer to the Steve job’s famous
brand of computer and electronic gadget like iMac, iPod, iPhone and iPad.
People around the world mostly youngsters in urban area will have this famous
brand in mind when they hear someone saying the word “Apple”.
Besides that the word “BlackBerry” denotatively refers to the small berry which when it ripe, it grows wild on bushes. Similar to the case of the modern context of the word “Apple”, this word associate to the company of RIM issued this famous product all over the world.
Besides that the word “BlackBerry” denotatively refers to the small berry which when it ripe, it grows wild on bushes. Similar to the case of the modern context of the word “Apple”, this word associate to the company of RIM issued this famous product all over the world.
The
most interesting thing from that slogan is the hidden or implicit effort of the communicator of
this slogan to say how hard the competition companies which want to promote
their product brands and how the use of sophisticated gadget of famous brand
will also create competition of the pride in social and cultural status. Most
teenagers will be happy and feel proud if the can buy and use both famous technological
gadgets. They will ready to stand in line to buy the newest release of Apple
and Blackberry as their favorite products.
B.
EXTRALINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
Besides comprehending this sentence linguistically, this sentence can also
be understood by the help of Pragmatic study. There is a context of utterance
circled this utterance. According the study of pragmatics, the utterance of
“Life was much easier when Apple and Blackberry were just fruits “can be
elaborated as follows:
The communicator is a person or group of individual who
doesn’t belong to the brand of Apple and Blackberry user. The communicant is
everyone who read this banner. The objective and context of the utterance is a
notification or remainder that in the past it was easier to consider Apple and
Blackberry as just the names of fruits. The today’s boastful pride of having
the product of Apple and blackberry is annoying and makes some people feel
hurt.
In the view of sociolinguistic study the utterance of “Life
was much easier when Apple and Blackberry were just fruits “can be elaborated as follows: in each society, there is
a tentative or assumed collective mind (the set of shared rules, norms and
social system) that the more sophisticated and expensive gadget someone has
will reflect his or her value before the eyes of everyone. This collective mind
is tentative since there are some people who think that it is very naive that
the value of someone is determined by the type or kind of gadget someone has.
The communicator of the slogan has been successfully conveying the idea of the hard battle of rivalry among the fans of the product of Apple and BlackBerry. Before the existence of both new reference, they were just fruits as a part of a tree or plant that is used as food like bananas, grapes or apples.
APA BEDA ANTARA GRAMMAR DAN STRUCTURE?
pertanyaan:
Dear all,
Apa sebenarnya perbedaan antara (grammar) tata bahasa dan struktur (structure) ? Jika mereka adalah sama, mengapa mereka digunakan bersama-sama? Thanks in advance.
jawaban:
Tata bahasa adalah suatu sistem aturan produksi yang digunakan untuk mengurai dan menghasilkan makna, pengucapan, morfologi, dan sintaksis kalimat. Struktur mengacu pada komponen-komponen suara yang diberikan, kata, frase, dan kalimat. Sebagai contoh, kalimat
kalimat dalam bahasa inggris : Jed drinks milk:
Syntactic structure: subject+verb+object
Production rule: English is an SVO language
Morphological structure: drink takes -s
Production rule: a subject must agree with its verb
jawaban lain:
Tata bahasa (grammar) adalah norma-norma sosial, sikap komunal, atau konvensi kolektif. Struktur adalah variasi sintaksis dan morfologi masyarakat yang telah mencapai konsensus
sumber asli : www.usingenglish.com
Dear all,
Apa sebenarnya perbedaan antara (grammar) tata bahasa dan struktur (structure) ? Jika mereka adalah sama, mengapa mereka digunakan bersama-sama? Thanks in advance.
jawaban:
Tata bahasa adalah suatu sistem aturan produksi yang digunakan untuk mengurai dan menghasilkan makna, pengucapan, morfologi, dan sintaksis kalimat. Struktur mengacu pada komponen-komponen suara yang diberikan, kata, frase, dan kalimat. Sebagai contoh, kalimat
kalimat dalam bahasa inggris : Jed drinks milk:
Syntactic structure: subject+verb+object
Production rule: English is an SVO language
Morphological structure: drink takes -s
Production rule: a subject must agree with its verb
jawaban lain:
Tata bahasa (grammar) adalah norma-norma sosial, sikap komunal, atau konvensi kolektif. Struktur adalah variasi sintaksis dan morfologi masyarakat yang telah mencapai konsensus
sumber asli : www.usingenglish.com
50 SOAL GRAMMAR UNTUK MAHASISWA SEMESTER AWAL
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Pragmatics Meaning vs. Semantics Meaning
Whether you are taking a class on linguistics or are teaching a language class, understanding pragmatic meaning vs. semantic meaning can be a valuable tool to maximize learning in the classroom. Although semantics and pragmatics are both terms used in relation to the meanings of words, their usage is drastically different.
What Is Semantics?
Semantics refers to the meaning of words in a language and the meaning within the sentence. Semantics considers the meaning of the sentence without the context. The field of semantics focus on three basic things: “the relations of words to the objects denoted by them, the relations of words to the interpreters of them, and, in symbolic logic, the formal relations of signs to one another (syntax)" [1]. Semantics is just the meaning that the grammar and vocabulary impart, it does not account for any implied meaning.
Pragmatic Meaning
When you consider the pragmatic meaning vs. semantic meaning, you find that they are quite different. Pragmatics deals with all of those same words and grammar except within context. In each situation, the various listeners in the conversation define the ultimate meaning of the words. For example, if you were to tell your wife, “You look good in that dress,” it would be a compliment according to the semantic meaning. The meaning of the words and the sentence on their own is a positive thing. Pragmatically, this could be insult. Had your wife just tried on a different dress? She could assume that your intended compliment actually implied that her first outfit looked terrible.
Pragmatics Meaning vs. Semantics Meaning
Gricean cooperative principle: pragmatics
this is my second material for my lecture of pragmatics this semester. if you wanna download just click this ppt file: cekidot nda :)2nd lecture pragmatics
Contoh Thesis Proposal conversational implicature in SALT movie subtitles
THESIS PROPOSAL
THE ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE IN “SALT” MOVIE SUBTITLES
A. Background of the Study
In communication, people use language. They do more to get another person understand the speaker’s thoughts and feelings. To know what the speakers mean, hearers have to interpret what they say. But interpretation is a tricky affair; misunderstandings are always possible and sometimes seem to be the rule rather than the exception (Jacob L. Mey, 1983: 100). According Leech, interpreting an utterance is ultimately a matter of guesswork, or (to use a more dignified term) hypothesis formation (1983:30-1).
Regarding on the above statement, people have to interpret the speaker’s say. In pragmatic, it calls with conversational implicature. Grice say that conversational implicature can be defined as a different (opposite, additional, etc) pragmatic meaning of an utterance with respect to the literal meaning expressed by utterance (Jacob L. Mey, 1998: 371).
In a case of conversational implicature the hearer crucially makes the assumption that the speaker is not violating one of the conversational maxims, relevance, informativeness, or clarity. Implicature is a concept of utterance meaning as opposed to sentence meaning. Furthermore, implicature is related to the method by which speakers work out the indirect illocutions of utterance (James R. Hurford, 1983: 278). We might be found this problem in conversation from the movie.
Movie is a sequence of picture projected on a screen from a developed and prepared film especially with an accompanying sound track (Webster’s Dictionary, 2004: 654). It is one of the human product literature terms. As we know that most of people in the world love movie whether in humor, scary, action, love drama, or others. It can express someone thought and meaning sense. Generally, in the conversational of movie has specific aim. Usually, the conversational makes someone confused with the speaker’s statement.
Free download IPA,International Phonetic Alphabet
uat anda yang tertarik dengan ilmu linguistik tentunya tahu akan IPA. IPA ialah international phonetic alphabet yang tentunya sangat berguna bagi para linguist. berikut ini adalah karya teman saya Pak yatno yang udah mengidzinkan IPA karya dia untuk diupload di rapidshare. ini dia kalo mau donlotKLIK SINI YACH
trus kalo mau memasukkan ke ms word tinggal klik control panel trus cari bagian FONT trus di kopi paste aja agar masuk ke folder itu. nanti otomatis masuk ke font2nya ms word. selamat mencoba..
ALL FREE DOWNLOAD OF ENGLISH SONG FOR CHILDREN
Berikut ini adalah lagu anak berbahasa inggris dalam format mp3 yang terdiri dari lagu:
silakan klik yang ini:
CLICK HEREor This One!
FENOMENA PENGANGGURAN INTELEKTUAL
Memang hal ini merupakan fenomena yang aneh tapi nyata :Jumlah sarjana yang menganggur di Indonesia terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Pada awal tahun 2006 (Januari-Februari), jumlah sarjana yang menganggur menurut data BPS ada 385.400 orang. Empat tahun kemudian jumlahnya sudah melonjak dua kali lipat menjadi 626.600 orang sarjana dari berbagai jurusan dan bidangnya. Angka pengangguran terdidik bertambah besar lagi jika digabungkan dengan pengangguran lulusan diploma yang mencapai 486.400 orang. Para pengangguran terdidik itu merupakan bagian dari pengangguran terbuka secara nasional yang pada Februari 2010 mencapai 9,26 juta atau setara dengan 8,14% dari total angkatan kerja.
Free PowerPoint templates
Green Energy PowerPoint Template
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a unique love letter
What if your heart is a system, Then I will scan you to find out which ports are open so that there is no doubt when I do “c:\>netcat.exe -l -o -v -e” to your heart, but I only dare to ping behind an anonymous proxy. Is this feeling is called fall in love so that make me like a loser or that maybe I am indeed a pure loser! pure lame, or whatever!
What if your heart is a system,
I feel like I want to take an advantage of your vulnerabilities, use a PHP injection like r57shell or something like that so that I can do “ls -la; find / -perm 777 -type d” so that I know that in your heart there is a folder that can be written or do I have free space there? Do I really need to install a back-door “Remote Connect-Back Shell” so I just wait for connections from you, I do not get wasted like this.
What if your heart is a system,
When all my requests are received, I will keep always stay in bugtraq to know your new bugs and I will patch and always patch the system. I will try to keep your service to avoid crash and I will became your firewall. I will install ports entry, and setting your error page “THE PAGE CAN NOT BE FOUND BECAUSE HAS BEEN OWNED BY SOMEONE , NOW GET OUT!!” I promise that there will be no potential malicious program or hidden service, because I really care and love you.
Download MP3 Speaking Bahasa Inggris
taken from : www dot hallurmala dot blogspot dot com
Speaking memang menjadi salah satu pelajaran penting dalam mempelajari Bahasa Inggris. Oleh karena itu, MP3 tentang materi speaking Bahasa Inggris yang akan saya bagikan ini menjadi hal yang semoga saja bermanfaat untuk mengembangkan kemampuan kita dalam percakapan Bahasa Inggris.
Ada banyak situs yang memberikan berbagai materi speaking Bahasa Inggris dengan menyediakan file MP3 plus bukunya, namun beberapa situs tersebut kadang berbayar. Meski ada satu situs Berbahasa Inggris yang menyediakannya secara gratis, namun file yang harus didownload mencapai 700 MB sehingga hal ini membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk mengunduhnya.
Oleh karena itu, disini saya hanya memberikan direct link atau tautan langsung MP3 yang ukuran filenya sedikit sehingga sobat tidak terlalu menunggu lama untuk mendownloadnya. Berikuta adalah file MP# yang bisa sobat download yang saya ambil dari BBC Learning English:
Episode 1: Berisi tentang alasan mengapa pelajar atau mahasiswa sulit mempelajari Bahasa Inggris. Silahkan download disini.
Episode 2: Berisi tentang percakapan bagaimana memperlancar kemampuan speaking Bahasa Inggris. Silahkan download disini.
Episode 3: Berisi tentang berbagai cara agar kemampuan speaking Bahasa Inggris kita semakin baik. Silahkan download disini.
Episode 4: Berisi tentang berbagai cara mengatur apa yang kita ucapkan. Silahkan download disini
11 English tips from Kaskus English Forum
1.English Tips #1: START
If you don't start, you'll never finish.
The longer you put it off, the more likely you are to give up. So start. Now.
Find an English class.
Find some English learning software or books.
Join an English learning forum.
Begin learning the English alphabet (ABC) and numbers (123).
Learn the vocabulary for your hobbies or interests.
Do something. Do anything.
Once you've started - don't stop.
2: English Tips #2;Practice Makes Perfect
3: English Tips #3;Take Responsibility
4. English Tips #4:The Most Commonly Used Words in Written English
5.English Tips #5:Talk to Yourself
Talking to yourself is no longer the first sign of madness - it's the first sign of excellence.
"Self-talk" can help you to become more fluent. And the great thing is - you can do it anywhere: in the bath, in the car, while you're taking the dog for a walk.
Try to put a regular time aside every day when you can talk to yourself in English. Talk about what you did yesterday, what you are doing, about interesting things which have happened to you and the things you're planning to do in the future.
6.English Tips #6:Reflect on What You Are Learning
7.English Tips #7:Learn Words in Context
Research shows that the vast majority of words are learned from context. To improve your vocabulary pay close attention to how words are used. Doing a search on a word using Google or DejaNews (for searching newsgroups) will give you many examples of how that word is used in context.
8.English Tips #8:Learn From Your Mistakes
9. English Tips #9:Learn to Learn
10.English Tips #10:Being Understood
If you're struggling to get someone to understand you, try the tips below:
* Speak more slowly (not louder!)
* Keep it simple. Use words that are most common. For example, if you want to say cat, don't use the word feline.
* Keep it simple. Use basic sentence structures (subject/verb/object).
* Don't worry about pronouns, instead use the names of people you are talking about.
* Use a lot of hand gestures. "Do you mean up?" Raise up your hands to help the person understand the word.
* Use sound effects. You may feel silly, but if you are trying to tell someone that something exploded, using the sound "Ka Boom!" will get your point across!
11.English Tips #11;Learning Vocabulary 2
more info : HOME / CASCISCUS / ENGLISH
:: Tips To Improve Your English ::
Naruto Quotes & Naruto Shippuden Quotes
Uzumaki Naruto
"Dattebayo!" (Original Japanese version)
"Dattebayo!" (Original Japanese version)
"Believe It!" (English dub)
"I won't run away anymore... I won't go back on my word... that is my ninja way!"
"To become Hokage is my dream!"
*When talking to Sai about saving Sasuke from Orochimaru*
"I don't care who I have to fight!
If he rips my arms out, I'll kick him to death!
If he rips my legs off, I'll bite him to death!
If he rips my head off, I'll stare him to death!
And if he gouges out my eyes, I'll curse him from the grave!
Even If i'm torn to shreds, I'm taking Sasuke back from Orochimaru!"
"I don't care who I have to fight!
If he rips my arms out, I'll kick him to death!
If he rips my legs off, I'll bite him to death!
If he rips my head off, I'll stare him to death!
And if he gouges out my eyes, I'll curse him from the grave!
Even If i'm torn to shreds, I'm taking Sasuke back from Orochimaru!"
"The pain of being alone...is not an easy one to bear..why is it...that I can understand your pain? But...I already have many people who are important to me now...and I can't let you hurt any of them...even if I have to kill you!"
"Hey, you stupid fox! You're in my body and you owe me rent! So for payment, I'll take your chakra! You got that?!"
Uchiha Sasuke
"I have long since closed my eyes... My only goal is in the darkness."
"I have long since closed my eyes... My only goal is in the darkness."
"My name is Sasuke Uchiha. I hate a lot of things, and I don't particularly like anything. What I have is not a dream, because I will make it a reality. I'm going to restore my clan, and kill a certain someone."
"I understand now. Even if I must take the devil's fruit, I must gain power. I am an avenger."
SYLLABUS OF PRAGMATICS
| Subject | PRAGMATICS |
| Credit | 2 SKS |
Purpose of the Study:
The Students are intended to know the definition, nature, history of Pragmatics and able to make pragmatic analysis on linguistic phenomenon..
Topics of Discussion
| 1 | The scope of Pragmatics: What is pragmatics Why do we need to study pragmatics? The difference between semantics and pragmatics. |
| 2 | Sentence meaning vs utterance meaning |
| 3 | Deictic words |
| 4 | Speech Act theory |
| 5 | Austin theory of locution, illocution and perlocution |
| 6 | Convensational vs conversational implicature |
| 7 | Presupposition and entailments |
| 8 | Levinson’s principle of politeness and interaction |
| 9 | The Gricean maxims |
| 10 | Pragmatics analysis on mass media |
Suggested Reading :
Mey, Jacob L. 1993. Introduction to Pragmatics. Oxford. Blackwell Publishers.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1983. Principle of Pragmatics. Essex. England. Longman Group Ltd.
Yule, George. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford. Oxford University Press.
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